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Mechanistic Insights Into Chloroplast FtsZ Assembly and Dynamics

叶绿体 FtsZ 组装和动力学的机制见解

基本信息

批准号：
1719376
负责人：
Katherine Osteryoung
金额：
$ 80万
依托单位：
Michigan State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-01 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1719376&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Mechanistic Insights Into Chloroplast FtsZ

项目摘要

Plants possess specialized compartments called chloroplasts that allow them to harvest light energy directly from the sun and convert it to chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis produces the organic compounds that comprise the base of the global food chain and are crucial for agricultural production. As plant cells expand during leaf growth, their chloroplast numbers increase dramatically through the process of division, which is crucial for increasing photosynthetic capacity. Consistent with their cyanobacterial origin, chloroplasts inherited several components of their division machinery from the cell division machinery in their prokaryotic ancestors. Foremost among these is a cytoskeletal protein called FtsZ. In both bacteria and chloroplasts, FtsZ proteins assemble into polymers that form a ring, called the "Z ring", at the center of the cell or organelle that contributes to the constrictive force driving the division process. This project seeks insight into how chloroplasts use these proteins in division and seeks a better understanding of the differences between chloroplast and prokaryotic division. Broader Impact activities will include participation in the Michigan State University Girl Scout STEM Demo Day, which provides hands-on demonstrations and activities to girls from across the state. Also, a post-doc will be involved in updating and expanding the Wikipedia page on chloroplast biology to help the general public better understand how chloroplasts work.Whereas bacterial cell division requires only a single type of FtsZ, chloroplast division requires two functionally distinct types of FtsZ that copolymerize. Previous studies based largely on the FtsZ proteins from a model plant species have led to the hypothesis that their copolymerization enhances polymer rearrangements (dynamics) within the Z ring, which is essential for Z-ring constriction. This project focuses on understanding in greater mechanistic detail how FtsZ pairs cooperate not only in plants, but also in algae, to carry out chloroplast division. Experimental approaches will include analysis of the dynamics of Z rings reconstituted in yeast by fluorescence imaging, a suite of in vitro assembly and biochemical assays, computational modeling to better understand how FtsZ pairs interact in polymers, and advanced microscopy techniques to investigate how the two FtsZs are arranged in polymers. As copolymerization represents a novel and important variation on Z-ring function unique to chloroplasts, study of FtsZ pairs will contribute to broader understanding of the diversity of FtsZ-mediated division systems.

植物拥有称为叶绿体的专门隔间，使它们能够直接从太阳收集光能，并通过光合作用将其转化为化学能。光合作用产生的有机化合物构成了全球食物链的基础，对农业生产至关重要。随着植物细胞在叶片生长期间膨胀，它们的叶绿体数量通过分裂过程急剧增加，这对于增加光合能力至关重要。与它们的蓝藻起源一致，叶绿体从它们的原核祖先的细胞分裂机制中继承了它们的分裂机制的几个组成部分。其中最重要的是一种称为FtsZ的细胞骨架蛋白。在细菌和叶绿体中，FtsZ蛋白组装成聚合物，在细胞或细胞器的中心形成称为“Z环”的环，该环有助于驱动分裂过程的收缩力。该项目旨在深入了解叶绿体如何在分裂中使用这些蛋白质，并寻求更好地了解叶绿体和原核分裂之间的差异。更广泛的影响活动将包括参加密歇根州立大学女童子军STEM演示日，为来自全州的女孩提供动手示范和活动。此外，博士后将参与更新和扩大叶绿体生物学的维基百科页面，以帮助公众更好地了解叶绿体是如何工作的。而细菌细胞分裂只需要一种类型的FtsZ，叶绿体分裂需要两种功能不同类型的FtsZ共聚。以前的研究主要基于FtsZ蛋白从模式植物物种导致的假设，它们的共聚增强聚合物重排（动态）内的Z环，这是必不可少的Z环收缩。该项目的重点是更详细地了解FtsZ对不仅在植物中，而且在藻类中如何合作进行叶绿体分裂。实验方法将包括通过荧光成像，一套体外组装和生化测定，计算建模，以更好地了解FtsZ对如何在聚合物中相互作用，以及先进的显微镜技术来研究如何在聚合物中排列两个FtsZ在酵母中重建的Z环的动力学分析。由于共聚代表了一种新的和重要的变化，Z-环功能独特的叶绿体，FtsZ对的研究将有助于更广泛地了解FtsZ介导的分裂系统的多样性。