Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials

非技术摘要：材料研究的传统范式关注的是处于或接近平衡状态的行为。通过两个跨学科研究小组(IRGS)，材料动力学与控制中心扩展了这一范式，以了解和控制材料在从飞秒到几周的时间内的行为，以及从宏观到原子尺度的维度。IRG 1介绍了结合无机和有机成分的新型复合材料的开发和理解。这些成分之间的相互作用以及它们对外部环境的响应使得材料的性质能够被调整和重新配置，从而导致在充电电池和滤膜方面的应用。IRG 2探索了利用光来控制材料性质的新方法。通过与光的相互作用实现物质的新相和量子态，预计将使新的计算和通信技术成为可能，并解决材料量子控制方面长期存在的基本科学挑战。通过材料实践共同体的概念，这些研究活动与教育、外联和促进多样性方面的新举措紧密结合在一起。该中心让小学教师从事材料研究，以提高教师的效率和学生在形成年龄对科学的参与度，从而增加对科学、工程和相关领域感兴趣的学生的数量和多样性。通过亲身实践演示和艺术家与材料研究人员之间的合作，将材料科学和技术带给新的受众，否则他们可能不会参与其中。与工业界和企业界的伙伴关系为参与者提供了经验和联系，为他们在广泛的职业生涯中取得成功做好准备。技术摘要：IRG 1，可重构的多孔纳米颗粒网络，研究对一系列外部刺激做出反应的纳米颗粒、聚合物和有机分子的多功能、可重构网络。阐明了理解和控制通过分子连接物连接的纳米颗粒的组装和重新配置的基本原理，理论和实验相结合创建了独特的光学、化学或生物材料功能。IRG 2，光驱动材料，解决了导致材料特性无法在平衡状态下获得的光-物质相互作用。通过光致微扰获得的相和有序状态，光激发的拓扑材料行为，以及奇异量子相的形成，提供了对光学响应材料的新的理解和控制。这些IRGS的研究进展有望使基于纳米和大分子集成的响应性、可重构材料应用于电子、储能、水过滤、光子学和生物学；在理解和应用材料行为方面取得根本性进展，利用时间结构光可访问和控制材料行为；以及基于这些进展的通信和信息处理新技术。

Nontechnical Abstract: The traditional paradigm for materials research focuses on behavior in or near equilibrium. Through two Interdisciplinary Research Groups (IRGs), the Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials extends this paradigm to understand and control how materials behave over times ranging from femtoseconds to weeks, and over dimensions extending from macroscopic to atomic scales. IRG 1 addresses the development and understanding of new composite materials that combine inorganic and organic components. Interactions among these constituents and their responses to their external environment enable material properties to be tuned and reconfigured, leading to applications in rechargeable batteries and filtration membranes. IRG 2 explores new approaches for using light to control material properties. The realization of new phases and quantum states of matter via interaction with light is expected to enable new technologies for computing and communications, and to address long-standing fundamental scientific challenges in quantum control of materials. Through the concept of a Materials Community of Practice, these research activities are closely integrated with new initiatives in education, outreach, and the promotion of diversity. The Center engages elementary school teachers in materials research to improve teacher efficacy and student engagement with science at a formative age, and thereby increase the number and diversity of students interested in science, engineering, and related fields. Outreach to the public via hands-on demonstrations and collaborations between artists and materials researchers brings materials science and technology to new audiences who might not otherwise be engaged. And partnerships with industry and the entrepreneurial community provide participants with experiences and connections to prepare them for success in a broad range of careers.Technical abstract: IRG 1, Reconfigurable Porous Nanoparticle Networks, addresses multifunctional, reconfigurable networks of nanoparticles, polymers, and organic molecules that respond to a range of external stimuli. Fundamental principles are elucidated for understanding and controlling the assembly and reconfiguration of nanoparticles connected by molecular linkers, with theoretical and experimental efforts combining to create unique optical, chemical, or biological materials functionality. IRG 2, Materials Driven by Light, addresses light-matter interactions that lead to material properties not accessible in equilibrium. Phases and ordered states accessed via light-induced perturbations to energy landscapes, topological material behavior enabled by optical excitation, and formation of exotic quantum phases are explored to provide new understanding of and control over optically responsive materials. Advances in research from these IRGs are expected to enable responsive, reconfigurable materials based on integration of nanoparticles and macromolecules for applications in electronics, energy storage, water filtration, photonics, and biology; fundamental advances in understanding and applications of material behavior accessible and controllable using temporally structured light; and new technologies for communications and information processing based on these advances.