MRI: Acquisition of a high performance 3T magnetic resonance system for high resolution human brain imaging

MRI：获取用于高分辨率人脑成像的高性能 3T 磁共振系统

• 批准号: 1727007
• 负责人: John O'Doherty
• 金额: $ 98万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1727007&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; performance; 3T; magnetic

This NSF Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) Award will enable a three-year grant to purchase a major upgrade to the magnetic resonance imaging scanner used for studying the function and structure of the human brain by neuroscience researchers at the California Institute of Technology and their national and international collaborators. The award will support the upgrade of the existing Siemens Tim Trio 3T scanner at the Caltech Brain Imaging Center to the latest Siemens Prisma platform. The upgraded scanner will provide clearer and more detailed images of the human brain. Such an improvement in imaging capabilities will enable Caltech researchers to address fundamental problems such as how the brain learns from experience, how the brain makes decisions and how brains support the ability to learn from and interact with other people in social contexts. This new equipment will ultimately help Caltech researchers obtain a better understanding of how the brain works, how it is wired up, and how it may dysfunction in disease. That knowledge, in turn, will contribute to efforts to build artificially intelligent systems. The grant will also enable students and post-docs to obtain experience in using state-of-the-art brain imaging equipment, through classes taught at Caltech that offer hands-on-experience as well as through the participation of trainees in research projects that utilize the equipment. Taken together, the cutting-edge science enabled by the new equipment, and the training of the next generation of young scientists on it, will contribute substantially to cognitive, decision and social neuroscience at Caltech, in the US and worldwide. To advance understanding about how the brain supports the capacity of humans to learn, make decisions and mediate social interactions it will be necessary to make progress in three distinct domains. First, there is a need to develop a much more detailed circuit-level understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these various computational processes by resolving the functional properties of discrete neuroanatomical sub-divisions within each of the relevant brain areas of interest such as the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, striatum and midbrain. Second, it is necessary to address how the various sub-processes that are implemented in these distinct sub-systems are ultimately integrated together at the systems level to drive complex behavior. Third, it will be important to characterize how the various computations and neural implementations differ across time, tasks and individuals. The Siemens Prisma scanner provides technical capabilities that are uniquely suited to advance progress in each of these three domains at the California Institute of Technology. The new platform will offer significant improvements in the quality of high resolution fMRI scans obtained from brain structures of interest, by minimizing dropout and geometric distortion, and by increasing signal-to-noise. These capabilities will also enhance the stability of the images obtained and hence improve test-retest reliability, while the improved gradient set will offer major gains in the quality of diffusion weighted imaging, and of functional connectivity data.

该NSF重大研究仪器（MRI）奖将提供为期三年的赠款，用于购买加州理工学院神经科学研究人员及其国内和国际合作者用于研究人脑功能和结构的磁共振成像扫描仪的重大升级。 该奖项将支持加州理工学院脑成像中心现有的西门子Tim Trio 3T扫描仪升级到最新的西门子Prisma平台。升级后的扫描仪将提供更清晰、更详细的人脑图像。成像能力的这种改进将使加州理工学院的研究人员能够解决一些基本问题，例如大脑如何从经验中学习，大脑如何做出决策以及大脑如何支持在社会环境中向他人学习和与他人互动的能力。这种新设备最终将帮助加州理工学院的研究人员更好地了解大脑是如何工作的，它是如何连接起来的，以及它如何在疾病中功能障碍。这些知识反过来将有助于建立人工智能系统。该补助金还将使学生和博士后获得使用最先进的脑成像设备的经验，通过在加州理工学院教授的课程，提供实践经验，以及通过学员参与利用该设备的研究项目。 总的来说，新设备所带来的尖端科学，以及对下一代年轻科学家的培训，将为加州理工学院、美国和全球的认知、决策和社会神经科学做出重大贡献。为了进一步了解大脑如何支持人类学习，决策和调解社会互动的能力，有必要在三个不同的领域取得进展。首先，有必要制定一个更详细的电路水平的了解这些不同的计算过程的神经机制，通过解决每个相关的大脑区域，如杏仁核，腹内侧前额叶皮层，纹状体和中脑内的离散神经解剖分区的功能特性。其次，有必要解决在这些不同的子系统中实现的各种子流程最终如何在系统级别集成在一起以驱动复杂的行为。第三，重要的是要描述各种计算和神经实现在时间、任务和个人之间的差异。西门子Prisma扫描仪提供了独特的技术能力，适合推动加州理工学院在这三个领域的进步。新平台将通过最小化丢失和几何失真以及提高信噪比，显著改善从感兴趣的大脑结构获得的高分辨率fMRI扫描的质量。这些功能还将增强所获得的图像的稳定性，从而提高重测可靠性，而改进的梯度集将在扩散加权成像和功能连接数据的质量方面提供重大收益。

项目成果

How Dynamic Brain Networks Tune Social Behavior in Real Time

• DOI: 10.1177/0963721418773362
• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 期刊: Current Directions in Psychological Science
• 影响因子: 7.2
• 作者: B. Silston;D. Bassett;D. Mobbs

How cognitive and reactive fear circuits optimize escape decisions in humans

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712314115
• 发表时间: 2018-03-20
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Qi, Song;Hassabis, Demis;Mobbs, Dean
• 通讯作者: Mobbs, Dean

Evidence for model-based encoding of Pavlovian contingencies in the human brain

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08922-7
• 发表时间: 2019-03-07
• 期刊: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Pauli, Wolfgang M.;Gentile, Giovanni;O'Doherty, John P.
• 通讯作者: O'Doherty, John P.

Task complexity interacts with state-space uncertainty in the arbitration between model-based and model-free learning.

在基于模型和无模型学习之间的仲裁中，任务复杂性与状态空间不确定性相互作用。

• DOI: 10.1101/393983
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Kim, D. Park

Reappraisal of incentives ameliorates choking under pressure and is correlated with changes in the neural representations of incentives

• DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy108
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Dunne, Simon;Chib, Vikram S.;O'Doherty, John P.
• 通讯作者: O'Doherty, John P.