DMREF: Dynamic Control of 3-D Printed Hierarchical Soft Materials via Computation-Guided Molecular Design

DMREF：通过计算引导分子设计动态控制 3D 打印的分层软材料

• 批准号: 1727605
• 负责人: Charles Sing
• 金额: $ 119.52万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-10-01 至 2021-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1727605&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DMREF; Dynamic; Control; Printed; Hierarchical

3-D printing enables the rapid creation of precisely shaped items for everyday use, from customizable, engineered items such as vehicle parts and manufacturing prototypes, to patient-specific medical devices like stents and prostheses. Through use of computer programmed instructions, this technology is currently capable of making uniform items with micrometer precision. 3-D printing is already a revolutionary technology, but still cannot create the truly advanced materials found in living systems that adapt and transform upon stimulation by altering structures across length scales. For example, chameleons change their color by adjusting their skin structure at nanometer length scales. This research seeks to significantly advance the frontier of 3-D printing by introducing the new on-the-fly dynamic capability of tuning material structures down to the nanoscale. This capability will be achieved by designing self-assembling materials, where the self-assembly can be controlled by precisely adjusting the stresses in the printing process. This approach will enable chameleon-skin-like materials capable of rapid color adaptation to be made. This interdisciplinary team brings together expertise on making materials, testing how these materials flow, and printing these materials. This is then combined with advanced molecular simulation to design and evaluate possible materials capable of meeting the criteria for controlled on-the-fly printing of nano-scale structures. These new materials will benefit society and the U.S. by adaptably printing new items with potential applications in camouflage, antireflection coatings, metamaterials, and displays. The research will also involve the training of students with broad expertise spanning chemistry, engineering, and physics, via both student mentorship and educational outreach to students underrepresented in STEM fields.This research will use the stresses in out-of-equilibrium 3-D printing processes to 'dial-in' hierarchical structural features in printed structures. A class of candidate materials known as bottlebrush block copolymers can form nanometer structures that readily deform under an applied stress. Bottlebrush block copolymers are a promising materials platform because they possess a large molecular design space. The PIs will develop and implement a screening methodology to explore this design space and determine optimal bottlebrush block copolymers for hierarchical printable materials. A holistic approach to computer-driven design will combine scalable synthesis, large-scale simulation, and rheological characterization to systematically design polymer molecules to yield desired, flow-induced nano-structures. This design procedure will be implemented to optimize 3-D printed nanostructured materials 'on-the-fly', culminating in a proof-of-concept of 3-D printed materials with heterogeneous photonic (i.e. color) properties. Along with this broad goal, this research will address fundamental questions in developing new, scalable polymer chemistry, driven self-assembly, and the rheology of bottlebrush block copolymers.

3D打印可以快速创建日常使用的精确形状的物品，从可定制的工程物品（如车辆零件和制造原型）到患者特定的医疗设备（如支架和假体）。通过使用计算机编程指令，该技术目前能够制造具有微米精度的均匀物品。3D打印已经是一项革命性的技术，但仍然无法创造出生命系统中发现的真正先进的材料，这些材料可以通过改变长度尺度上的结构来适应和改变刺激。例如，变色龙通过在纳米尺度上调整皮肤结构来改变颜色。这项研究旨在通过引入将材料结构调整到纳米级的新的动态能力来显着推进3D打印的前沿。这种能力将通过设计自组装材料来实现，其中自组装可以通过精确调节印刷过程中的应力来控制。这种方法将使变色龙皮肤样材料能够快速适应颜色。这个跨学科的团队汇集了制造材料，测试这些材料如何流动以及打印这些材料的专业知识。然后将其与先进的分子模拟相结合，以设计和评估能够满足纳米级结构的受控即时打印标准的可能材料。这些新材料将通过适应性打印新物品而造福社会和美国，这些物品在伪装，防反射涂层，超材料和显示器中具有潜在的应用。该研究还将通过学生辅导和教育推广，对在STEM领域代表性不足的学生进行培训，培养具有化学、工程和物理等广泛专业知识的学生。该研究将利用失衡3D打印过程中的应力，“拨入”打印结构中的分层结构特征。一类被称为瓶刷嵌段共聚物的候选材料可以形成在施加的应力下容易变形的纳米结构。瓶刷状嵌段共聚物具有较大的分子设计空间，是一种很有前途的材料平台。PI将开发和实施一种筛选方法，以探索这种设计空间，并确定用于分层可打印材料的最佳瓶刷嵌段共聚物。计算机驱动设计的整体方法将结合联合收割机可扩展的合成、大规模模拟和流变特性，以系统地设计聚合物分子，从而产生所需的流动诱导纳米结构。该设计过程将被实施以优化3D打印纳米结构材料的“即时”，最终实现具有异质光子（即颜色）特性的3D打印材料的概念验证。沿着这个广泛的目标，这项研究将解决开发新的，可扩展的聚合物化学，驱动自组装和瓶刷嵌段共聚物的流变学的基本问题。

项目成果

PolyChemPrint : A hardware and software framework for benchtop additive manufacturing of functional polymeric materials

PolyChemPrint：用于功能性聚合物材料台式增材制造的硬件和软件框架

• DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210086
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Polymer Science
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Patel, Bijal B.;Chang, Yilong;Park, Sang Kyu;Wang, Siqing;Rosheck, John;Patel, Kush;Walsh, Dylan;Guironnet, Damien;Diao, Ying
• 通讯作者: Diao, Ying

Engineering of Molecular Geometry in Bottlebrush Polymers

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00845
• 发表时间: 2019-06
• 期刊: Macromolecules
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: D. Walsh;Sarit Dutta;C. Sing;Damien Guironnet

Multiscale assembly of solution-processed organic electronics: the critical roles of confinement, fluid flow, and interfaces

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9d7c
• 发表时间: 2018-01
• 期刊: Nanotechnology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: B. Patel;Ying Diao

Rapid, interface-driven domain orientation in bottlebrush diblock copolymer films during thermal annealing

热退火过程中瓶刷二嵌段共聚物薄膜中快速、界面驱动的畴取向

• DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01634b
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Soft Matter
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Patel, Bijal B.;Walsh, Dylan J.;Patel, Kush;Kim, Do Hoon;Kwok, Justin J.;Guironnet, Damien;Diao, Ying
• 通讯作者: Diao, Ying

Two Stretching Regimes in the Elasticity of Bottlebrush Polymers

洗瓶刷聚合物弹性的两种拉伸方式

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01184
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Macromolecules
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Dutta, Sarit;Sing, Charles E.
• 通讯作者: Sing, Charles E.