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Echo Chambers in Science? The Impact of Academic Recommender Systems on the Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge

科学中的回声室？

基本信息

批准号：
1735194
负责人：
Katherine Stovel
金额：
$ 23.41万
依托单位：
University of Washington
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-01 至 2020-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1735194&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Echo Chambers Science Impact Academic

项目摘要

Digitization of the scientific literauture has occurred in two phases: first, scientific papers began to be digitized, and second, comprehensive search engines such as Google Scholar, JSTOR and Web of Science emerged that allow scholars to quickly search for and locate published research. Most scientists now access the literature through online search engines and digital libraries, and rare is the scientist who walks to the library and peruses the journal shelves for new papers. These new algorithmic search engines thus provide scholars with a new lens into the published scientific literature, and this project aims to better understand the implications of these technological changes on the practice of scientific discovery and information dissemination. The project investigates whether these new tools are increasing access to a wider range of prior literature and thereby democratizing science, or instead concentrating scholars' gaze onto an ever smaller set of "star" papers. If the new tools are truly making the widest range of scientific literature more accessible, it certainly has implications for the prospects for scientific discovery, since scientists are able to consider and engage with all relevant prior work, a critical ingredient for high quality scientific activity. On the other hand, evidence from other contexts suggests that the availability of massive amounts of information puts new pressure on searching and filtering processes. If this occurs in science it could mean that scientists increasingly rely upon more concentrated subset of papers that appear at the top of search results, thereby creating an echo chamber in science with unintended effects on scientific careers and potentially negative downstream impacts on scientific innovation.This research addresses these critical questions primarily via statistical analyses of comprehensive citation data from JSTOR and the Web of Science. The research focuses on the extent of citation concentration within and across disciplines; and the role of journals in an article-based search environment. Citation patterns have changed dramatically in the wake of the digital transition, becoming both more concentrated and more vulnerable to cumulative advantage processes. The population-level analyses are augmented by observational data describing how scientists actually interact with information technologies and academic recommender systems in the course of their scientific practice. This combination of methods links processes at the individual and population levels over time, and emphasizes the downstream impacts of information retrieval and citation on scientific innovation and career trajectories. A critical policy related implication is that online recommender systems can bias search results and thus the visibility of specific scientific findings. This is relevant to the next generation of scientists using these search environments and those who evaluate scientists and their work.

科技文献的数字化经历了两个阶段：一是科技论文开始数字化，二是b谷歌Scholar、JSTOR、Web of Science等综合性搜索引擎的出现，使学者能够快速搜索和定位已发表的研究成果。现在，大多数科学家通过在线搜索引擎和数字图书馆获取文献，很少有科学家会去图书馆仔细阅读期刊架上的新论文。因此，这些新的算法搜索引擎为学者们提供了一个观察已发表的科学文献的新视角，本项目旨在更好地理解这些技术变革对科学发现和信息传播实践的影响。该项目调查了这些新工具是增加了对更广泛的先前文献的访问，从而使科学民主化，还是将学者的注意力集中在越来越少的“明星”论文上。如果这些新工具真的能使最广泛的科学文献更容易获得，它肯定会对科学发现的前景产生影响，因为科学家们能够考虑并参与所有相关的先前工作，这是高质量科学活动的关键因素。另一方面，来自其他背景的证据表明，大量信息的可用性给搜索和过滤过程带来了新的压力。如果这种情况发生在科学领域，这可能意味着科学家越来越依赖出现在搜索结果顶部的更集中的论文子集，从而在科学领域形成一个回音室，对科学事业产生意想不到的影响，并对科学创新产生潜在的负面下游影响。本研究主要通过对来自JSTOR和Web of Science的综合引文数据的统计分析来解决这些关键问题。研究的重点是学科内部和跨学科的引文集中程度；以及期刊在基于文章的搜索环境中的角色。在数字化转型之后，引文模式发生了巨大变化，变得更加集中，也更容易受到累积优势过程的影响。观测数据描述了科学家在其科学实践过程中如何与信息技术和学术推荐系统进行实际互动，从而增强了人口水平分析。这种方法的组合将个体和群体水平的过程随着时间的推移联系起来，并强调了信息检索和引用对科学创新和职业轨迹的下游影响。与政策相关的一个关键含义是，在线推荐系统可能会对搜索结果产生偏见，从而导致特定科学发现的可见性。这与使用这些搜索环境的下一代科学家以及那些评估科学家及其工作的人有关。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（5）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Constructing and evaluating automated literature review systems

DOI：
10.1007/s11192-020-03490-w
发表时间：
2020-06
期刊：
Scientometrics
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Jason Portenoy;Jevin D. West
通讯作者：
Jason Portenoy;Jevin D. West

The Influence of Changing Marginals on Measures of Inequality in Scholarly Citations: Evidence of Bias and a Resampling Correction

DOI：
10.15195/v7.a13
发表时间：
2020-08-10
期刊：
SOCIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Kim, Lanu;Adolph, Christopher;Stovel, Katherine
通讯作者：
Stovel, Katherine

SciSight: Combining faceted navigation and research group detection for COVID-19 exploratory scientific search

SciSight：结合多面导航和研究组检测以进行 COVID-19 探索性科学搜索

DOI：
10.1101/2020.05.23.112284
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Association for Computational Linguistics
影响因子：
0
作者：
Hope, Tom;Portenoy, J;Vasan, K;Borchardt, J;Horvitz, Eric;Weld, DS;Hearst, MA;West, Jevin.
通讯作者：
West, Jevin.

Scientific journals still matter in the era of academic search engines and preprint archives