Collaborative Research: Hybrid Professional Development to Enhance Teachers' Use of Bootstrap

由于各种原因，集成计算和数学吸引了各种利益相关者。对于数学教育界，计算提供了一个数学概念的应用，可以加强教师和学生的数学理解;对于计算机科学（CS）教育界，整合使所有学生都能公平地获得计算教育;对于州议会和地区，整合适应人员配置和课程限制，同时针对多个学科的核心学习目标。Bootstrap是一个整合了计算机科学和代数的全国性课程。Bootstrap目前的数学教师专业发展（PD）计划是一个为期3天的面对面活动，假设教师对代数函数有点熟悉。Bootstrap和全国数学教师理事会（NCTM）都注意到，一些教师对函数的掌握很弱。学区更喜欢较短的亲自PD，以减少人员成本和增加灵活性。该项目将使用混合PD模型来满足这两种需求。同时，该项目将研究如何定制在线内容，以有效地为教师谁在他们的理解不同的功能，追求PD的目标，并在数学，计算，数学/CS集成的兴趣，和学生的思维。这个研究人员-实践者伙伴关系团队包括Bootstrap; NCTM（特别是其数学论坛团队，该团队在在线培训方面具有专业知识）;布朗大学;斯沃斯莫尔学院;俄克拉荷马州中学数学和计算教育州分部以及德克萨斯州的学区。共有270名中学数学教师-大多数来自农村地区或在我们的合作地区为美洲原住民或西班牙裔学生服务-将参加该项目下的Bootstrap PD。假设典型的采用率，这些教师应达到6 000名学生在项目期间。将Bootstrap内容构建到数学论坛中将使数千名NCTM教师了解综合数学/CS课程的潜力。该团队将使用基于设计的研究为Bootstrap教师开发和部署混合PD模型和在线支持社区，增强Bootstrap PD以加强教师对代数函数的理解，并进行准实验研究以通过PD为不同途径的设计提供信息。本计画将探讨如何在增进教师数学能力的同时，增进他们对计算机科学的了解。特别是，该项目将探讨计算机辅助设计的可能性，以提高教师对代数函数的理解。该项目还将研究如何使教师的兴趣变得可见和有用，以改善综合CS和数学PD的参与和学习。研究结果应适用于综合方案以外的Bootstrap，建议策略，定制PD服务于更多的教师。

Integrating computing and mathematics appeals to various stakeholders for a variety of reasons. For the mathematics education community, computing offers an application of mathematics concepts that may strengthen teachers' and students' mathematical understanding; for the computer science (CS) education community, integration enables equitable access to computing education for all students; for state boards and districts, integration accommodates staffing and curricular constraints while targeting core learning objectives in multiple disciplines. Bootstrap is a nationally-deployed curriculum that integrates computer science and algebra. Bootstrap's current professional development (PD) program for math teachers is a 3-day in-person event which assumes that teachers are somewhat facile with algebraic functions. Both Bootstrap and the National Council for Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) have observed that some teachers have a weak command of functions. School districts would prefer a shorter in-person PD to reduce staffing costs and increase flexibility. This project will use a hybrid PD model to address both needs. Simultaneously, the project will research ways to tailor the online content to be effective for teachers who differ in their understanding of functions, goals for pursuing PD, and interest in mathematics, computing, math/CS integration, and student thinking. This Researcher-Practitioner Partnership team includes Bootstrap; NCTM (specifically its Math Forum team, which has expertise in on-line training); Brown University; Swarthmore College; the Oklahoma State Division of Secondary Mathematics and Computing Education and school districts in Texas. A total of 270 middle-school math teachers---a majority from rural areas or serving Native American or Hispanic students in our partnering regions---will participate in Bootstrap PD under this project. Assuming typical adoption rates, these teachers should reach 6,000 students within the project period alone. Building Bootstrap content into the Math Forum will expose thousands of NCTM's teachers to the potential of integrated math/CS curricula. The team will use design-based research to develop and deploy a hybrid PD model and online support community for Bootstrap teachers, augment Bootstrap PD to reinforce teachers' understanding of algebraic functions, and conduct quasi-experimental studies to inform the design of different pathways through the PD. This project will study how to develop teachers' understanding of CS while also strengthening their math proficiency. In particular, the project will explore the possibilities for CS to improve teachers' understanding of algebraic functions. The project also will study ways in which teachers' interest can be made visible and useful in improving engagement and learning in integrated CS and mathematics PD. The results should apply to integrative programs beyond Bootstrap, suggesting strategies to tailor PD to serve more teachers.