Phase II IUCRC University of Texas at Arlington: Center for Energy Smart Electronic Systems

数据中心是生活中不可或缺的一部分，提供从社交网络、电子商务和娱乐到为个人和企业提供存储和计算能力的云基础设施的服务。数据中心消耗了全国2%以上的电力，主要来自化石能源。能源智能电子系统中心（ES 2）的成立是为了开发提高电子系统（主要是数据中心）能源效率的工具和方法。数据中心消耗的大部分能源都是由于运营效率低下而浪费的，包括运行的服务器数量超过了处理工作负载所需的数量，IT设备过度冷却，或者部署了次优的冷却和IT技术。ES2？的研究重点是开发用于运营数据中心的智能和全自动化技术，以使IT和冷却资源与工作负载需求相匹配，避免能源浪费，同时保持服务质量。ES 2研究通过以下方式造福社会：（a）提供解决方案，以减少对电网的需求和碳足迹，并以节能的方式实现基于数据中心的服务的增长;（B）通过培训工程师和计算机科学家的高需求技能来开发人力资源。ES2？因此，美国的研究使国家能够保持竞争力，敏捷和节能的网络服务和基础设施。ES 2的目标是大幅降低数据中心的能耗。来自NSF的第一阶段资金支持了实现这一愿景的模型、指标和基础设施的开发。在德克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校（UTA），第二阶段研究的重点是提高数据中心设施各种规模的能源效率，并解决实施替代数据中心冷却技术（如蒸发冷却和介电油浸没冷却）所面临的挑战。UTA利用专门建造的数据中心研究设施和数值分析工具来评估和优化各种冷却系统。在芯片级，第一阶段开发的动态水冷冷板将扩展到芯片级封装，并与强大的流量控制器件集成，以实现均匀的温度分布并实现泵浦功率的降低。 在机架和机房层面，第二阶段的研究重点是深入了解蒸发冷却系统的实施，并解决数据中心中相应的颗粒和气体污染问题。此外，第二阶段的研究将集中在评估冷却性能，可靠性和可操作性的系统实施直接到芯片液体冷却和油浸冷却。在第一阶段，UTA已经毕业了10名ES 2资助的博士生和60多名硕士生。

Data centers are an integral part of life, providing services ranging from social networking, e-commerce and entertainment to cloud infrastructures that provide storage and computing capabilities for individuals and enterprises. Data centers consume over 2% of the nation's electricity, generated mostly from fossil sources. The Center for Energy-Smart Electronic systems (ES2) was established to develop tools and methodologies for improving the energy efficiency of electronic systems, primarily data centers. Much of the energy expended by data centers is wasted due to operating inefficiencies, including operating more servers than are needed to handle the workload and overcooling the IT equipment, or deploying sub-optimal cooling and IT technologies. ES2?s research focusses on developing intelligent and fully automated techniques for operating data centers to match the IT and cooling resources to the workload demands, avoiding energy waste while maintaining service quality. ES2 research benefits society by: (a) providing solutions to reduce the demand on the electrical grid and the carbon footprint and enabling the growth of data center-based services in an energy-efficient way and (b) developing human resources by training engineers and computer scientists in high-demand skills. ES2?s research therefore enables the nation to maintain competitive, agile and energy-efficient cyber services and infrastructures. The goal of ES2 is to dramatically reduce data center energy consumption. The Phase I funding from NSF supported the development of models, metrics and infrastructures that would realize this vision. At University of Texas, Arlington (UTA), Phase II research focuses on improving energy efficiency at various scales of a data center facility and addressing the challenges involved in implementing alternative data center cooling technologies such as evaporative cooling and dielectric oil immersion cooling. UTA utilizes purpose-built data center research facilities and numerical analysis tools to evaluate and optimize the various cooling systems. At chip level, a dynamic water cooled cold plate developed in Phase I will be scaled to a chip scale package and integrated with robust flow control devices to enable uniform temperature distribution and realize reduction in pumping power. At the rack and room level, Phase II research focuses on developing deeper understanding in implementing evaporative cooling systems and address the corresponding particulate and gaseous contamination in data centers. Also, Phase II studies will focus on evaluating cooling performance, reliability and operability of systems implementing direct-to-chip liquid cooling and oil immersion cooling. In Phase I, UTA has graduated ten ES2-funded PhD students and over 60 students with master's degrees.