RESEARCH-PGR: Phenotypic and Genomic Diversity of North American Vitis

研究-PGR：北美葡萄的表型和基因组多样性

• 批准号: 1741627
• 负责人: Brandon Gaut
• 金额: $ 243.58万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-04-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1741627&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RESEARCH; PGR; Phenotypic; Genomic; Diversity

The relationship between genome evolution and adaptation to stress has become increasingly important as environments change. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are among the most important horticultural crops in the world, with over 1 million acres planted in the United States. Products of grape cultivation (table grapes, raisins, juice, wine and oil) have a value of $5.76 billion at the farm gate and an estimated $162 billion annually to the American economy. The viticulture industry has grown steadily over the past decade, but grape cultivation faces new and continuing challenges from diseases and abiotic stresses. Grape cultivation relies heavily on wild North American species for rootstocks, and that reliance is expanding. This project will allow researchers to determine the genetic composition of four wild grape species from the Southwest that are used, or have demonstrated promise, for grape breeding. The project will gather information about the ability of these species to resist Pierces Disease, it will generate new information about plant biology, genomics, and evolution, and it will make Vitis one of the best-studied botanical genera. Data obtained from this project will help worldwide grape breeding programs and will be available through a community resource, allowing the project investigators to share their research with members of the public and the wine and grape industries. They will also train and mentor undergraduate students, graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. The PIs work at public universities known for their efforts to broaden participation of underrepresented minorities in STEM fields and serving first generation college students. The cultivation, sustainability and security of grapes (Vitis vinifera) rely heavily on North American Vitis species as sources of resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. This project aims to make Vitis a leading perennial model for comparative genomics, landscape genomics and association genomics. It will also further understanding of the basic biology of resistance to Pierces Disease, which is critical for the sustainability of viticulture. Researchers will assay hundreds of natural accessions to identify plants with resistance and study the geographic distribution of resistance in nature. They will complement phenotypic assays with whole genome resequencing (WGS) data to identify signatures of local adaptation, study the phylogenomics of the genus, and associate genetic variation with climatic variables. They will also employ analyses that aim to uncover important basic information about candidate genes and the genetic architecture underlying abiotic and biotic stress responses. An additional goal is to generate reference genomes for four North American Vitis species that have been used in rootstock breeding; currently, no reference genomes exist for any North American Vitis species. These genomes will be a valuable community resource, facilitate interspecific analyses, form the basis for inferring the pace and pattern of structural rearrangements during species diversification, and aid the identification of homologous and syntenous regions between V. vinifera and its congeners.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着环境的变化，基因组进化与压力适应之间的关系变得越来越重要。葡萄 (Vitis vinifera) 是世界上最重要的园艺作物之一，在美国种植面积超过 100 万英亩。葡萄种植产品（鲜食葡萄、葡萄干、果汁、葡萄酒和油）在农场的价值为 57.6 亿美元，每年为美国经济带来的价值估计为 1,620 亿美元。过去十年，葡萄栽培业稳步增长，但葡萄种植面临着疾病和非生物胁迫带来的新的、持续的挑战。 葡萄种植严重依赖北美野生品种作为砧木，而且这种依赖正在扩大。 该项目将使研究人员能够确定来自西南部的四种野生葡萄品种的遗传组成，这些葡萄品种用于或已被证明有望用于葡萄育种。该项目将收集有关这些物种抵抗皮尔斯病能力的信息，产生有关植物生物学、基因组学和进化的新信息，并使葡萄属成为研究最深入的植物属之一。从该项目获得的数据将有助于全球葡萄育种计划，并将通过社区资源提供，使项目研究人员能够与公众以及葡萄酒和葡萄行业分享他们的研究成果。他们还将培训和指导本科生、研究生和博士后学者。这些 PI 在公立大学工作，这些大学因努力扩大代表性不足的少数群体对 STEM 领域的参与并为第一代大学生提供服务而闻名。 葡萄（Vitis vinifera）的种植、可持续性和安全在很大程度上依赖于北美葡萄品种作为抵抗非生物和生物胁迫的来源。该项目旨在使 Vitis 成为比较基因组学、景观基因组学和关联基因组学的领先常年模型。它还将进一步了解抵抗皮尔斯病的基本生物学，这对于葡萄栽培的可持续性至关重要。研究人员将分析数百种天然材料，以确定具有抗性的植物，并研究自然界中抗性的地理分布。他们将用全基因组重测序（WGS）数据补充表型测定，以识别局部适应的特征，研究该属的系统发育组学，并将遗传变异与气候变量联系起来。他们还将进行分析，旨在揭示有关候选基因以及非生物和生物胁迫反应背后的遗传结构的重要基本信息。另一个目标是为已用于砧木育种的四种北美葡萄品种生成参考基因组；目前，任何北美葡萄品种都不存在参考基因组。这些基因组将成为宝贵的社区资源，促进种间分析，形成推断物种多样化过程中结构重排的速度和模式的基础，并帮助识别葡萄及其同系物之间的同源和同源区域。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Genetic Characterization of Pierce’s Disease Resistance in a Vitis arizonica/monticola Wild Grapevine

亚利桑那葡萄/蒙蒂科拉野生葡萄皮尔斯抗病性的遗传特征

• DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2022.22021
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: American Journal of Enology and Viticulture
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Huerta-Acosta, Karla Gabriela;Riaz, Summaira;Tenscher, Alan;Walker, M. Andrew
• 通讯作者: Walker, M. Andrew

The genetic basis of sex determination in grapes

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16700-z
• 发表时间: 2020-06-09
• 期刊: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Massonnet, Melanie;Cochetel, Noe;Cantu, Dario
• 通讯作者: Cantu, Dario

The genomic diversification of grapevine clones

• DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6211-2
• 发表时间: 2019-12-12
• 期刊: BMC GENOMICS
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Vondras, Amanda M.;Minio, Andrea;Cantu, Dario
• 通讯作者: Cantu, Dario