PIRE: Climate Research Education in the Americas Using Tree-Ring and Cave Sediment Examples (PIRE-CREATE)

PIRE：利用树木年轮和洞穴沉积物示例进行美洲气候研究教育 (PIRE-CREATE)

• 批准号: 1743738
• 负责人: Mathias Vuille
• 金额: $ 499.72万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1743738&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PIRE; Climate; Research; Education; Americas

PI: Mathias Vuille (SUNY Albany)co-PIs: Rosanne D'Arrigo (Columbia University)Aiguo Dai (SUNY Albany)Catherine Lawson (SUNY Albany)Nontechnical:The future climate of the Americas is uncertain and presents a challenge as countries strive to prepare for droughts, floods, or wildfires. Future preparation may be guided by a better understanding of how climate varied naturally over the past millennium - preceding the start of the industrial revolution and significant human impact on the environment. Our PIRE brings together a team of international experts from five research institutions in the United States, Brazil and Argentina. By improving our understanding of past climate variations over North and South America, we will place future climate projections within a longer-term framework to better inform international policymakers and stakeholders. PIRE researchers will investigate the nature of extreme events over the two continents during the last one thousand years by merging data from the two largest tree-ring and cave sediment (stalagmite) archives in South America with new, unpublished records. Our research will enlarge our understanding of the underlying causes of past climate perturbations, many of which were associated with large societal impacts (famine, disease and warfare). We will prepare a new generation of students and postdoctoral scholars through the interdisciplinary research training. Results will be translated into visualization models and toolkits of policy-relevant climate information for the scientific community, government and civil society. The international partners are from Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Peru. This award is co-funded by the Paleoclimate program. Technical:Narrowing the range of possible future outcomes from climate change projections over North and South America demands enhanced scientific understanding of the natural continuum of climate variability. The goal of the PIRE-CREATE is to advance our knowledge of paleoclimate over the Americas to identify drivers of climate change from a paleo-perspective. By combining new tree-ring chronologies and speleothem records, the PIRE's research team will investigate the characteristics and causes of climate extremes spanning North and South America during the last millennium. Specifically, the PIRE will advance the following scientific objectives: 1) document the sensitivity of the South American monsoon to external forcing; 2) create a new reconstruction of the El Niño - Southern Oscillation and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation; 3) identify past extreme events and analyze their causes and societal response; 4) merge tree-ring and speleothem records over tropical South America into a new blended product that serves as the basis for a spatiotemporal climate reconstruction over tropical South America; and 5) reduce the uncertainty of future projections by constraining past model performance with observed variability from proxies. This PIRE will produce new climate reconstructions, detect and analyze past climate extremes (droughts, wildfires, floods) and their societal response, create a new paleo-product by synergistically blending different proxies, and better constrain regional-scale future projections based on past model-data comparisons, which will serve as an ideal testbed for model assessment. In addition, this PIRE will prepare a globally competent, interdisciplinary trained, scientific workforce by a) immersing graduate and undergraduate students in research activities involving data collection in the field, analysis of lab observations and models, and dissemination of data and findings; b) strengthening cultural literacy and the enrichment of students, postdocs and faculty through scholarly collaboration with PIRE colleagues, visiting early-career fellowships, and international online courses; c) enhancing the global competence of undergraduate and graduate students with a semester abroad at partner institutions facilitated through PIRE Offices of International Education, mentorship through an international committee, and graduate research activities; d) providing experiential learning opportunities for undergraduate students through international summer schools and hands-on training; and e) broadening participation in STEM by hosting six PIRE Academies aimed at undergraduate students across SUNY - particularly, SUNY's 125,000 minority and 225,000 female students. Further, the PIRE will serve to enhance awareness and knowledge of the future risks associated with climate change across the Americas by translating its research findings into novel, easy-to-use visualization tools to increase comprehension of complex paleoclimate data, model projections, and impacts of climate change over the two continents. The PIRE's partners will also co-host two International Forums bringing together scientists, government officials, legislators, ministry staff and other key stakeholders from the Americas to learn about the PIRE's research findings, to disseminate visualization models and toolkits, and to transform the scientific results into actionable planning options and policy considerations for North and South America, as well as the wider global community.

主要研究者：Mathias Vuille（纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼）联合PI：Rosanne D 'Arrigo（哥伦比亚大学）戴爱国（纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼）凯瑟琳劳森（纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼）非技术：美洲未来的气候是不确定的，并提出了一个挑战，因为各国努力准备干旱，洪水或野火。今后的筹备工作可以更好地了解过去一千年来----在工业革命开始和人类对环境产生重大影响之前----气候的自然变化。我们的PIRE汇集了来自美国，巴西和阿根廷五个研究机构的国际专家团队。通过提高对南北美洲过去气候变化的认识，我们将把未来气候预测放在一个更长期的框架内，以便更好地为国际决策者和利益攸关方提供信息。PIRE的研究人员将通过将南美洲两个最大的树木年轮和洞穴沉积物（石笋）档案的数据与新的未发表的记录合并，调查过去一千年来两大洲极端事件的性质。我们的研究将扩大我们对过去气候扰动的根本原因的理解，其中许多与大的社会影响（饥荒，疾病和战争）有关。我们将通过跨学科的研究培训培养新一代的学生和博士后学者。研究结果将转化为可视化模型和与政策相关的气候信息工具包，供科学界、政府和民间社会使用。国际伙伴来自阿根廷、巴西、玻利维亚和秘鲁。该奖项由古气候计划共同资助。技术性：要缩小南北美洲气候变化预测未来可能结果的范围，就需要加强对气候变异性自然连续体的科学认识。PIE-CREATE的目标是推进我们对美洲古气候的了解，从古角度确定气候变化的驱动因素。通过结合新的树木年轮年表和洞穴记录，PIRE的研究小组将调查上个千年期间横跨北美和南美的极端气候的特征和原因。具体而言，PIRE将推进以下科学目标：1）记录南美洲季风对外部强迫的敏感性; 2）创建厄尔尼诺-南方涛动和年代际太平洋涛动的新重建; 3）确定过去的极端事件并分析其原因和社会反应; 4）将南美洲热带地区的树轮和洞穴沉积物记录合并为一个新的混合产品，作为南美洲热带地区时空气候重建的基础;以及5）通过用来自代理的观测到的可变性约束过去的模型性能来减少未来预测的不确定性。该PIRE将产生新的气候重建，检测和分析过去的极端气候（干旱，野火，洪水）及其社会反应，通过协同混合不同的代理创建新的古产品，并根据过去的模型数据比较更好地约束区域尺度的未来预测，这将成为模型评估的理想测试平台。此外，该项目还将培养一支全球胜任的、受过跨学科培训的科学工作队伍，方法是：a）让研究生和本科生参与研究活动，包括实地数据收集、实验室观察和模型分析以及数据和研究结果的传播; B）通过与PIRE同事的学术合作，加强文化素养，丰富学生、博士后和教职员工的知识，访问早期职业奖学金和国际在线课程; c）通过PIRE国际教育办公室，通过国际委员会的指导和研究生研究活动，在合作机构的国外学期提高本科生和研究生的全球能力; d）通过国际暑期学校和实践培训，为本科生提供体验式学习机会;以及e）通过举办六个PIRE学院来扩大STEM的参与，这些学院针对SUNY的本科生-特别是SUNY的125，000名少数民族学生和225，000名女学生。此外，PIRE还将通过将其研究成果转化为新颖，易于使用的可视化工具，以提高对复杂的古气候数据，模型预测和气候变化对两大洲影响的理解，从而提高对美洲气候变化未来风险的认识和了解。PIRE的合作伙伴还将共同主办两个国际论坛，汇集来自美洲的科学家，政府官员，立法者，部委工作人员和其他主要利益相关者，以了解PIRE的研究成果，传播可视化模型和工具包，并将科学成果转化为南北美洲以及更广泛的全球社会的可操作规划选项和政策考虑。

项目成果

Empirical–Statistical Downscaling of Austral Summer Precipitation over South America, with a Focus on the Central Peruvian Andes and the Equatorial Amazon Basin

• DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-20-0066.1
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Juan C. Sulca;M. Vuille;O. Timm;B. Dong;Ricardo Zubieta

ENSO and Paraná flow variability: Long‐term changes in their connectivity

ENSO 和帕拉尼亚流变化：其连通性的长期变化

• DOI: 10.1002/joc.7643
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: International Journal of Climatology
• 作者: Antico, Andrés;Vuille, Mathias
• 通讯作者: Vuille, Mathias

Reconciling Roles of External Forcing and Internal Variability in Indian Ocean Decadal Variability Since 1920

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gl097198
• 发表时间: 2022-04
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: W. Hua;A. Dai;M. Qin

Paleovegetation seesaw in Brazil since the Late Pleistocene: A multiproxy study of two biomes

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116880
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: V. Azevedo;N. Stríkis;V. Novello;Camila Leão Roland;F. Cruz;R. Santos;M. Vuille;Giselle Utida;Fábio Ramos Dias de Andrade;Hai Cheng;R. Edwards

Global Temperature Responses to Large Tropical Volcanic Eruptions in Paleo Data Assimilation Products and Climate Model Simulations Over the Last Millennium

• DOI: 10.1029/2020pa004128
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: E. Tejedor;N. Steiger;J. Smerdon;R. Serrano‐Notivoli;M. Vuille