Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Interaction between Violence and Perception of Social Difference

博士论文改进奖：暴力与社会差异感知之间的相互作用

• 批准号: 1744335
• 负责人: Jane Buikstra
• 金额: $ 3.12万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1744335&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Interaction

Identity-based violence - violence directed at individuals or groups perceived as divergent - often accompanies periods of socio-political upheaval. While a growing body of anthropological and behavioral research demonstrates that the perception of social difference can motivate instances of mass violence today, little work has been done to examine such identity-based violence archaeologically. This may be because the subtleties of distinct social identities can be difficult to interpret in the past. A bioarchaeological approach, however, is well suited to empirically reconstruct past individuals' social identities, as many facets of identity such as age, sex, or biological relatedness, are grounded in the physical body, while others leave traces on the body through behavior, such as dietary preferences or cultural modification. This research will support both graduate and undergraduate student training and enhance international research partnerships and collaborations between the United States and Mexico. Furthermore, it will contribute to broader anthropological understandings of how instances of mass violence may arise from the interaction between specific social identities and complex social processes of migration, demographic change, and biological relatedness.Using a combination of biogeochemical and biodistance analyses, this project reconstructs the residential histories and biological kinship affiliations of victims of human sacrifice interred at a small shrine site in pre-Hispanic central Mexico. The shrine site dates to the Epiclassic period (600-900 CE). In central Mexico, this period was characterized by the decline of the major regional center of Teotihuacán and was a time of dramatic political, social, and demographic reorganization. In such a volatile socio-political landscape, individuals' residential histories or kinship affiliations may have singled them out as targets of ritual violence. This research will answer the question: how did specific aspects of individuals' social identities predispose them to suffer ritual violence? The biogeochemical analysis of dental and skeletal elements from a sample of 72 individuals will allow this project to reconstruct the geographic origins of the sacrificial victims, while biodistance analyses will allow for the reconstruction of patterns of genetic relatedness among the sacrificial victims themselves, as well as between the sacrificial victims and contemporary populations in central Mexico

基于身份的暴力-针对被视为有分歧的个人或群体的暴力-往往伴随着社会政治动荡时期。虽然越来越多的人类学和行为学研究表明，对社会差异的看法可以激发今天的大规模暴力事件，但很少有人从考古学的角度来研究这种基于身份的暴力。这可能是因为不同社会身份的微妙之处在过去很难解释。然而，生物考古学的方法非常适合于从经验上重建过去个人的社会身份，因为身份的许多方面，如年龄，性别或生物相关性，都植根于身体，而其他人则通过行为在身体上留下痕迹，如饮食偏好或文化改变。这项研究将支持研究生和本科生的培训，并加强美国和墨西哥之间的国际研究伙伴关系和合作。此外，它将有助于更广泛的人类学理解，如何从特定的社会身份和复杂的社会进程的迁移，人口变化和生物相关性之间的相互作用可能会产生大规模暴力事件。该项目重建了埋葬在一个小神社的人祭受害者的居住历史和生物亲属关系，墨西哥中部的一个地区神社遗址可以追溯到Epiclassic时期（600-900 CE）。在墨西哥中部，这一时期的特点是特奥蒂瓦坎的主要区域中心的衰落，是一个戏剧性的政治，社会和人口重组的时期。在这样一个动荡的社会政治环境中，个人的居住历史或亲属关系可能使他们成为仪式暴力的目标。这项研究将回答这样一个问题：个人社会身份的特定方面是如何使他们容易遭受仪式暴力的？通过对72个人的牙齿和骨骼样本进行生物地球化学分析，该项目将能够重建牺牲者的地理起源，而生物距离分析将能够重建牺牲者本身之间以及牺牲者与墨西哥中部当代人口之间的遗传关系模式

项目成果

Migration, violence, and the “other”: A biogeochemical approach to identity-based violence in the Epiclassic Basin of Mexico

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101263
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Sofía I Pacheco-Forés;Christopher T. Morehart;J. Buikstra;G. Gordon;K. Knudson

Expanding radiogenic strontium isotope baseline data for central Mexican paleomobility studies

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229687
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: PLoS ONE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Sofía I Pacheco-Forés;G. Gordon;K. Knudson