The Origins Of Democracy

民主的起源

• 批准号: 1828645
• 负责人: Jane Buikstra
• 金额: $ 23.07万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1828645&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Origins; Democracy

In this project the investigators will address the processes through which stratified societies and city-states emerge and the mechanisms for the formation of citizenship and democracy. Emphasis will be placed upon the role of non-elite in the emergence of democracy. Bioarchaeology, the study of human remains in archaeological and historical contexts, is well suited to give voice to the non-elite, often the silent people of the past, who infrequently appear in written sources, art, and architecture. By linking science to the humanities, this project will combine a variety of lines of evidence to shed light into the life conditions and mortuary treatment of the non-elite and the outsiders in early city-state communities. In addition, this project will enhance the visibility of females in the profession. It will also build a number of collaborations between US and non-US academic institutions and will thus provide research venues for dissertations and postdoctoral research positions expanding the range and impact of US archaeological activities. It will also provide significant training for undergraduate, graduate, and junior professionals in the field of bioarchaeology and related scientific methods, such as chemical analysis for the reconstruction of past diets and population movement. Furthermore, this project will significantly advance the cause of cross-disciplinary research and analysis. At the same time, through its pioneering approach to the recovery, management, and dissemination of bioarchaeological data, this project will serve as a model for future studies of similar nature, scope, and ambition.Within this broader context, this project will focus on the archaic city-state of Athens and the social, political, and economic factors that led to the development of the foundations of the modern western society. This study will make a novel and significant contribution to ongoing debates about the formation of the early city-state by targeting the life-histories of non-elite in archaic Athens. The researchers will examine possible changes in residence, diet, health, demographics, and activities in relation to mortuary treatment. How were the non-elite buried? Were they incorporated in formal cemeteries of the city? Was violence sanctioned within the social milieu during times of political upheaval and how is this represented in the mortuary record? By integrating a variety of approaches, including forensic, chemical, and radiocarbon analyses, this study will reconstruct the lived experiences of past people who were not part of the elite as a reflection of broader processes of sociopolitical change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在这个项目中，调查人员将探讨分层社会和城邦的形成过程，以及公民身份和民主的形成机制。将强调非精英在民主出现中的作用。生物考古学是在考古和历史背景下研究人类遗骸的学科，非常适合向非精英人士发声，他们通常是沉默的过去的人，他们很少出现在书面资料、艺术和建筑中。通过将科学与人文联系起来，这个项目将结合各种证据，揭示早期城邦社区中非精英人士和外来者的生活状况和太平间待遇。此外，该项目还将提高女性在该行业的知名度。它还将在美国和非美国的学术机构之间建立一些合作，从而为学位论文和博士后研究职位提供研究场所，扩大美国考古活动的范围和影响。它还将为生物考古学和相关科学方法领域的本科生、研究生和初级专业人员提供重要培训，如用于重建过去饮食和人口流动的化学分析。此外，该项目将极大地促进跨学科研究和分析事业。同时，通过其恢复、管理和传播生物考古数据的开创性方法，该项目将成为未来类似性质、范围和雄心的研究的典范。在这一更广泛的背景下，该项目将专注于雅典古老的城邦以及导致现代西方社会基础发展的社会、政治和经济因素。这项研究将通过研究古代雅典非精英的生活史，为正在进行的关于早期城邦形成的争论做出新的和重要的贡献。研究人员将研究与太平间处理相关的居住、饮食、健康、人口统计和活动方面的可能变化。非精英人士是如何被埋葬的？他们有没有被纳入城市的正式墓地？在政治动荡时期，暴力行为是否在社会环境中得到认可？停尸房记录中如何体现这一点？通过整合各种方法，包括法医、化学和放射性碳分析，这项研究将重建过去不属于精英阶层的人的生活经历，以反映更广泛的社会政治变化过程。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Bioarchaeological Practice and the Curation of Human Skeletal Remains in a Greek Context: The Phaleron Cemetery

• DOI: 10.1017/aap.2018.42
• 发表时间: 2019-02-01
• 期刊: ADVANCES IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRACTICE
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: Prevedorou, Eleni-Anna;Buikstra, Jane E.
• 通讯作者: Buikstra, Jane E.

New insights into the manual activities of individuals from the Phaleron cemetery (Archaic Athens, Greece)

对法勒伦墓地（希腊古雅典）个体手工活动的新见解

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2021.105415
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Archaeological Science
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Karakostis, Fotios Alexandros;Buikstra, Jane E.;Prevedorou, Eleanna;Hannigan, Elizabeth M.;Hotaling, Jessica;Hotz, Gerhard;Liedl, Hannah;Moraitis, Konstantinos;Siek, Thomas J.;Waltenberger, Lukas
• 通讯作者: Waltenberger, Lukas