Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Family Resilience And Social Change

博士论文改进补助金：家庭弹性和社会变革

• 批准号: 1441894
• 负责人: Jane Buikstra
• 金额: $ 2.7万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-15 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1441894&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Family

Kent Johnson, Ph.D. candidate at Arizona State University, under the direction of Dr. Jane Buikstra and Dr. Chris Stojanowski, will investigate the effects of transformative sociopolitical processes on families. This research will benefit society by providing temporal depth to understanding of how human families have been constructed and the ways that family relationships respond to, shape and in turn are affected by larger social institutions. This project will generate new anthropological knowledge about families' responses to state collapse and contribute to current discussions about the nature and structure of families by exploring what constitutes relatedness in non-Western context. This research will enhance understanding of kinship in the past and present by investigating how kin-based social networks influence individual lives and community histories. This new information has implications for understanding the decline of complex polities worldwide. The project will advance discovery and understanding by producing educational brochures that describe the studies findings and promote the museums that provide access to research collections. The project will enhance the infrastructure for research and education by fostering dialogue and collaboration among the institutions to be visited and the researchers' home institution. Study results will be disseminated to scholars interested in family, kinship, and Andean archaeology through professional publications, public presentations, and the online digital archive for archaeological data, the Digital Archaeological Record (tDAR). Bioarchaeological investigations of kinship have typically focused on improving methods for identifying biological kin in archaeological contexts and thus generate relatively narrow inferences. Rather than simply identifying kin groups within the archaeological record, this study will explore the diverse ways that families are constructed and how they influence individual and small group responses to political turmoil and economic collapse. Drawing on recent developments in kinship research in contemporary societies and bioarchaeological studies of social groups, this project will examine evidence from human skeletal remains and their associated burial contexts to evaluate three important aspects of kin-based social organization following political decentralization: (1) the degree to which criteria for kin group membership is redefined or adapted; (2) the extent to which family ties are strengthened or weakened by political decline and economic destabilization; and (3) the role of family-based responses to political and economic upheaval in shaping broad changes in social organization. To investigate the effects of political decline on family, the researchers will collect and analyze data on patterns of mate exchange, cranial modification practices, and mortuary rituals of Middle Horizon (ca. AD 500-1100) and Late Intermediate Period (ca. AD 1100-1450) Tiwanaku and Chiribaya communities of the lower Osmore Drainage in southern Peru. Skeletal and dental markers of genetic relatedness will be combined with evidence of cranial modification practices and funerary rituals to investigate the role families played in shaping responses to political decentralization and the collapse of long-distance exchange networks.

肯特·约翰逊博士亚利桑那州立大学的候选人在简·布克斯特拉（Jane Buikstra）博士和克里斯·斯托贾诺夫斯基（Chris Stojanowski）博士的指导下，将调查变革性的社会政治进程对家庭的影响。这项研究将通过提供时间深度来理解如何建设人类家庭，以及家庭关系的反应方式，形状和反过来受到更大的社会机构的影响，从而使社会受益。 该项目将通过探索非西方背景下的构成相关性来产生有关家庭对国家崩溃的反应，并为家庭的性质和结构的当前讨论而产生新的人类学知识。这项研究将通过研究基于亲戚的社交网络如何影响个人生活和社区历史，从而增强对过去和现在的亲属关系的理解。这些新信息对了解全球复杂政体的衰落具有影响。该项目将通过制作描述研究结果的教育手册来提高发现和理解，并促进提供研究收藏的博物馆。该项目将通过促进要访问的机构和研究人员的家庭机构之间的对话和协作来增强研究和教育的基础设施。研究结果将通过专业出版物，公开演讲以及用于考古数据的在线数字档案（TDAR）来传播给对家庭，亲属和安第斯考古学感兴趣的学者。亲属关系的生物考古学研究通常集中于改善在考古环境中鉴定生物亲属的方法，从而产生相对狭窄的推论。本研究不仅仅是在考古记录中识别亲属群体，而是会探讨家庭建设的多种方式，以及它们如何影响个人和小组对政治动荡和经济崩溃的反应。利用当代社会的亲属研究和社会群体的生物考验研究的最新发展，该项目将研究人类骨骼遗体及其相关埋葬环境的证据，以评估政治分散式分散性的基于亲戚社会组织的三个重要方面：（1）重新定义或改善亲属群体成员的标准的程度； （2）由于政治衰落和经济不稳定，家庭关系的加强或削弱程度； （3）基于家庭对政治和经济动荡的反应在塑造社会组织的广泛变化中的作用。为了调查政治衰落对家庭的影响，研究人员将收集和分析有关伴侣交流，颅骨修改实践和中间地平线的Mortuary仪式（约公元500-1100）和中间时期的数据（CA. AD 1100-1450）Tiwanaku和Chiribaya Community of Southern Peru in Southern Peru in Southern Peru。遗传相关性的骨骼和牙科标记将与颅骨修改实践和葬礼的证据相结合，以调查家庭在塑造对政治权力下放的反应以及长距离交换网络崩溃的作用。