EAGER:Capturing Stray Magnetic Fields for Ubiquitous Wireless Power

翻译后摘要：非技术：小幅度的磁场产生的电流在电力传输电缆，电线连接到电器（如电热水壶，洗衣机，烘干机等）。和电子设备。电力传输和配电设施，以及住宅布线和电器，占家庭中的背景磁场。在不靠近高压电缆的家庭中，这个背景场很小，但直接在电缆下面，场要强得多。利用磁-机-电转换原理，可以将这种背景磁场转换成有用的电能。产生的电力可以存储到超级电容器或可充电电池中，并用于各种目的，例如为传感器和移动的设备供电。该项目将利用压电-压磁材料，这些材料在层压复合结构中耦合在一起，以提供磁场到电场的转换。作为示范，该项目将为安装在输电线路上空的无人机上的无线传感器供电。在优化能量转换过程中将取得几个基本进展，包括（i）设计复合结构，导致磁通量放大和给定形状和体积内的退磁场的减少，（ii）理解在不同长度尺度下发生的物理相互作用并在能量转换器的设计中解决它们，（iii）全系统建模以揭示材料，结构，和电气变量，并利用该模型提高系统效率。在描述来自诸如电力传输电缆、家用电器和住宅布线的源的动态磁场能量转换过程方面的这些进步将为开发新一代无线电源提供机会。从该项目产生的知识将被总结成跨学科的网络教程，将通过能源收集协会网站提供给公众。夏令营包括讲座和实验室图尔斯参观代表性不足的高中学生和教师将与工程多样性增强中心合作实施。将与韩国材料科学研究所建立国际合作，以加快无线电源技术的发展。技术：该项目的首要目标是量化拟议的压电-压磁复合材料的磁能到电能的转换能力。在这样做的过程中，将建立综合的合成-结构-性能关系的复合材料在变化的磁场环境下工作。基于本构方程，现象学和微观力学的分析建模将被用来理解的参数响应，重点阐明界面耦合项的作用。将使用有限元模型来设计具有匹配的机械阻抗和最佳磁通浓度的复合结构，同时降低退磁效应。优化的复合材料结构将使用基于增材制造的工艺制造。动态阻抗匹配电路将被设计为将功率从转换器高效率地传输到存储介质（超级电容器或电池）。现场测试将包括从传输电缆中实时收集能量。结合这些结果，将有助于评估磁-机-电转换机构的功率密度和效率（输出电能/输入磁能）的限制。

Abstract:Nontechnical:Small magnitude magnetic fields arise from the current flow in the power transmission cables, wires connected to appliances (such as electric kettle, washer, dryer, etc.) and electronic devices. Electric transmission and distribution facilities, as well as residential wiring and appliances, account for background magnetic fields in the home. In homes not located near high-voltage power cables, this background field is small but directly beneath the power cables, the fields are much stronger. This background magnetic field can be converted into useful electricity by using the principle of magneto-mechano-electric conversion. Generated electricity can be stored into supercapacitor or rechargeable battery and used for various purposes such as powering sensors and mobile devices. The project will utilize piezoelectric - piezomagnetic materials that are coupled together in a laminate composite structure to provide conversion of magnetic field into electric field. As a demonstration, the project will target powering wireless sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicle flying over the power transmission lines. Several fundamental advances will be made in optimizing the energy conversion process including (i) design of the composite structure that results in magnetic flux amplification and reduction of demagnetization field within given shape and volume, (ii) understanding of the physical interactions occurring at varying length scales and addressing them in design of energy converter, (iii) full system modeling to reveal the role of materials, structure, and electrical variables and using the model to improve the system efficiency. These advancements in describing the dynamic magnetic field energy conversion process from sources such as power transmission cables, household appliances, and residential wiring will provide opportunity for developing new generation of wireless power sources. The knowledge generated from the project will be summarized into interdisciplinary web-based tutorial which will be offered to public through Energy Harvesting Society website. Summer camp comprising of lectures and laboratory tours for underrepresented high school students and teachers will be implemented in collaboration with the Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Diversity. International collaboration with Korea Institute of Materials Science will be established to expedite the development of wireless power source technology.Technical:The overarching objective of this project is to quantify the magnetic-to-electric energy conversion capability of proposed piezoelectric - piezomagnetic composite. In doing so, comprehensive synthesis - structure - performance relationships will be established for composites operating under varying magnetic field environment. Analytical modeling based upon constitutive equations, phenomenology and micromechanics will be used to understand the parametric response with emphasis on elucidating the role of interfacial coupling term. Finite element model will be used to design the composite architecture with matching mechanical impedance and optimum flux concentration with reduced demagnetization effect. Optimized composite structure will be fabricated using additive manufacturing based process. Dynamic impedance matching circuit will be designed to transfer power with high efficiency from the converter to storage media (supercapacitor or battery). Field testing will comprise of real-time energy harvesting from transmission cables. Combined these results will assist in evaluating the limits on power density and efficiency (output electrical energy/input magnetic energy) of magneto-mechano-electric conversion mechanism.