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Career: The Effects of Public Policy on Families with Children: New Evidence from Multiple Large-Scale Data Sets

职业：公共政策对有儿童家庭的影响：来自多个大规模数据集的新证据

基本信息

批准号：
1752203
负责人：
Maya Rossin-Slater
金额：
$ 40万
依托单位：
Stanford University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-05-01 至 2024-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1752203&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Career Effects Public Policy Families

项目摘要

Millions of families face challenges of work-family balance, single parenthood, and poverty. Public policies could improve the lives of families dealing with these issues, but the intended impacts of these policies may not be achieved if families respond to policies in unpredictable ways. Moreover, policies with overlapping goals that are targeted at the same families could either work together to benefit these families or work against each other. Understanding how these policies comprehensively affect families---working independently or together---is essential for informing government spending decisions, and thereby advancing national health, prosperity, and welfare. This CAREER research program combines multiple large-scale data sets with experimental research methods to better understand the effects of public policies on family outcomes and promote the progress of economic science. Specifically, the research project will study the effects of paid family leave, joint custody laws, and major U.S. social safety net programs on family outcomes. This proposal's education plan centers on training students---especially women, who are under-represented in the economics profession---to shape the next generation of researchers who will be involved in public policy. The results of this research project will have profound influence on the conduct of public policy towards families, hence increase the well-being of Americans. This CAREER research project has four components. The first project uses population-level administrative data to estimate the impacts of California's paid family leave (PFL) benefits on leave duration, labor market outcomes, and repeat leave-taking among new parents with a regression kink research design. This project provides some of the first estimates of the effects of the PFL benefit amount, holding other policies constant. The second project will identify the causal effects of joint legal custody, which grants both parents the right to make key decisions about their children's welfare and is increasingly promoted by legislation in the developed world, on family outcomes. This project will use Danish administrative data on custody court cases linked to four other administrative data sets to track the economic, family formation, and mental and physical health outcomes of the parents and children in each case. To identify causality, the project will leverage random assignment of custody cases to judges, who differ in their propensity to grant joint legal custody. The third project will analyze the long-term effects of U.S. safety net programs with data on millions of current adults, focusing on two questions: (i) Do safety net programs ameliorate adverse long-term consequences of early childhood economic shocks? (ii) Do these programs complement or substitute each other in their long-term impacts on adult outcomes? The analysis will use difference-in-difference and event-study designs, exploiting variation from the county-by-county rollout of major programs, and variation in local labor demand. The fourth component is a mentoring workshop that connects female economics PhD students with mentors who are in the early stages of their careers both within and outside academia.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

数以百万计的家庭面临着工作与家庭平衡、单亲和贫困的挑战。公共政策可以改善处理这些问题的家庭的生活，但如果家庭以不可预测的方式对政策作出反应，这些政策的预期影响可能无法实现。此外，针对相同家庭的目标重叠的政策可能共同造福这些家庭，也可能相互不利。了解这些政策如何全面影响家庭----独立工作或共同工作----对于告知政府支出决策，从而促进国家健康，繁荣和福利至关重要。CAREER研究计划将多个大规模数据集与实验研究方法相结合，以更好地了解公共政策对家庭结果的影响，促进经济科学的进步。具体而言，该研究项目将研究带薪家庭假，共同监护法和美国主要社会安全网计划对家庭结果的影响。这项建议的教育计划集中在培养学生-特别是妇女，她们在经济学专业中的代表性不足-以塑造下一代将参与公共政策的研究人员。该研究项目的结果将对家庭公共政策的实施产生深远的影响，从而增加美国人的福祉。这个研究项目有四个组成部分。第一个项目使用人口水平的行政数据来估计的影响，加州的带薪家庭假（PFL）的休假时间，劳动力市场的结果，并重复休假的新父母之间的回归扭结研究设计。在其他政策不变的情况下，该项目提供了对公共减贫基金福利额影响的初步估计。第二个项目将确定共同法律的监护权对家庭结果的因果影响，这种监护权赠款父母双方就子女福利作出关键决定的权利，并日益得到发达国家立法的推动。该项目将使用丹麦关于监护权法院案件的行政数据，并将其与其他四个行政数据集相联系，以跟踪每个案件中父母和子女的经济、家庭组成以及身心健康结果。为了确定因果关系，该项目将利用随机分配的监护权案件的法官，谁在他们的倾向不同，授予共同法律的监护权。第三个项目将分析美国安全网计划的长期影响，重点是两个问题：（一）安全网计划是否改善了儿童早期经济冲击的长期不利后果？(ii)这些项目在对成人结果的长期影响方面是否相互补充或替代？该分析将使用差异中的差异和事件研究设计，利用主要项目的县与县之间的差异以及当地劳动力需求的变化。第四个组成部分是一个指导讲习班，将女性经济学博士生与学术界内外处于职业生涯早期阶段的导师联系起来。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。