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NSF-IOS-BSF: Mechanisms of Motor Expression of a Decision

NSF-IOS-BSF：决策的运动表达机制

基本信息

批准号：
1754869
负责人：
Hillel Chiel
金额：
$ 50万
依托单位：
Case Western Reserve University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754869&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
NSF IOS BSF Mechanisms Motor

项目摘要

Animals and humans must continually respond to a changing environment while pursuing the goals that allow them to survive and reproduce, whether they are seeking a mate, fleeing a predator, or eating a meal. To make this possible, the body and the nervous system must work together to generate appropriate behavior. Rather than using a central control that specifies all details of the responses and sets a fixed goal, recent studies suggest that nervous systems generate appropriate motor responses "on the fly" based on the internal state of the organism and the immediate environmental context, which may change as the animal acts, in part due to the animal's own behavior. By studying this problem in an animal that is tractable to experimental analysis, it will be possible to work out the detailed neural circuitry that underlies these rapid, flexible and adaptive changes in behavior, and to track changes in circuit activity as an animal behaves. To do this, novel technology will be developed that makes it possible to record and control the activity of many neurons during behavior. The resulting technology could have a broad impact on the development of novel brain/computer interfaces, which could lead to new prosthetic devices. At the same time, working out the details of neural circuitry for adaptive, flexible behavior will provide designs for creating flexible control of biologically-inspired robots. The research will train students who can solve interdisciplinary problems, and is likely to attract students to careers in science and technology.Studies of motor control in invertebrates and in the spinal cord of vertebrates and humans suggest that motor control is not a hierarchy in which a central controller selects motor responses, but a heterarchy in which motor components are added or removed depending on an organism's internal state and the immediate environmental context. To determine how motor components are dynamically assembled, the neural circuity of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica will be analyzed as animals feed on seaweed that challenges them with changing mechanical loads. Circuitry will be studied in intact animals, in a reduced feeding preparation, and in the isolated nervous system. A microelectrode array will analyze overall changes in patterns of neural activity using extracellular recordings. In collaboration with the NeuroNex hub at University of Michigan, a novel ganglion interface will be developed using biocompatible glassy carbon fiber electrodes, which can record from multiple sites both extracellularly and intracellularly. The fibers will be modified to allow them to control neuronal activity as well. The resulting device could create novel interfaces for neural control in intact, behaving animals. A neuromechanical model will be developed to predict how changing activity of key identified neurons affects force output. Novel circuit designs for flexible motor control will be implemented in biologically-inspired soft robots. Finally, this project will be used to attract undergraduates and high school students into interdisciplinary research in science and engineering.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

动物和人类必须不断地对不断变化的环境做出反应，同时追求使他们能够生存和繁殖的目标，无论是寻找配偶、逃离捕食者还是吃饭。为了实现这一点，身体和神经系统必须共同努力产生适当的行为。最近的研究表明，神经系统不是使用中央控制来指定反应的所有细节并设定固定的目标，而是根据生物体的内部状态和直接的环境背景“即时”产生适当的运动反应，这些反应可能会随着动物的行为而变化，部分原因是动物自身的行为。通过研究易于实验分析的动物的这个问题，将有可能弄清楚这些快速、灵活和适应性行为变化背后的详细神经回路，并跟踪动物行为时回路活动的变化。为此，将开发新技术，使记录和控制行为过程中许多神经元的活动成为可能。由此产生的技术可能会对新型大脑/计算机接口的开发产生广泛影响，从而可能催生新的假肢设备。与此同时，研究出自适应、灵活行为的神经回路的细节将为创建仿生机器人的灵活控制提供设计。该研究将培养能够解决跨学科问题的学生，并可能吸引学生从事科学技术领域的职业。对无脊椎动物、脊椎动物和人类脊髓的运动控制的研究表明，运动控制不是中央控制器选择运动反应的层次结构，而是根据有机体的内部状态和直接环境背景添加或删除运动组件的异质结构。为了确定运动部件是如何动态组装的，我们将分析海洋软体动物海兔的神经回路，因为动物以海藻为食，海藻不断变化的机械负荷对它们提出了挑战。电路将在完整的动物、减少的喂养准备和分离的神经系统中进行研究。微电极阵列将使用细胞外记录来分析神经活动模式的整体变化。与密歇根大学 NeuroNex 中心合作，将使用生物相容性玻璃碳纤维电极开发一种新型神经节接口，该电极可以从细胞外和细胞内的多个位点进行记录。这些纤维将被修改，使其能够控制神经元活动。由此产生的设备可以为完整的、有行为的动物的神经控制创建新颖的接口。将开发一个神经力学模型来预测关键神经元的活动变化如何影响力输出。用于灵活电机控制的新颖电路设计将在仿生软机器人中实现。最后，该项目将用于吸引本科生和高中生参与科学和工程的跨学科研究。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Shape versus Timing: Linear Responses of a Limit Cycle with Hard Boundaries under Instantaneous and Static Perturbation

DOI：
10.1137/20m1344974
发表时间：
2019-06
期刊：
SIAM journal on applied dynamical systems
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Yangyang Wang;Jeffrey P. Gill;H. Chiel;P. Thomas
通讯作者：
Yangyang Wang;Jeffrey P. Gill;H. Chiel;P. Thomas

Soft-surface grasping: radular opening in Aplysia californica

DOI：
10.1242/jeb.191254
发表时间：
2019-01
期刊：
The Journal of Experimental Biology
影响因子：
0
作者：
C. Kehl;Joey Wu;Sisi Lu;D. Neustadter;R. Drushel;Rebekah K Smoldt;H. Chiel
通讯作者：
C. Kehl;Joey Wu;Sisi Lu;D. Neustadter;R. Drushel;Rebekah K Smoldt;H. Chiel

Successful and unsuccessful attempts to swallow in a reduced Aplysia preparation regulate feeding responses and produce memory at different neural sites