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CRII: CHS: Knowing and Creating: Implications of Increased Information Availability During the Design Process

CRII：CHS：了解和创造：设计过程中信息可用性增加的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1755864
负责人：
Christine Toh
金额：
$ 17.24万
依托单位：
University of Nebraska at Omaha
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-15 至 2022-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1755864&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CRII CHS Knowing Creating Implications

项目摘要

Developing creative products is a key software engineering problem for companies that want to distinguish themselves from similar products in the market. Relatively little is known, however, about how software development teams in the early stages of design use relevant information such as customer behavior and competing products to generate creative ideas for product requirements, nor how different kinds of information might affect their creativity. This project will study how expert software designers engage with design information in the early stages of software development to develop an "Information Archetypes Framework" that characterizes design information and its influence on design creativity. This framework will be validated through studying the performance of student design teams that are given different types of information to support product brainstorming activities. In addition to improving understanding of design creativity and cognition from a research perspective, the project team will conduct collaborative workshops with local software development and startup companies to discuss how to effectively navigate complex information to enhance their competitiveness. The project will also have significant educational impacts through training student researchers, informing the design of innovation-enhancing activities for software engineering students, the development of a broader curriculum on innovation in information technology, and supporting outreach through immersive summer programming workshops aimed at increasing middle school girls' knowledge and interest in STEM and design-related careers.The research component of the project has two main elements. The first aims to expand on an initial version of the Information Archetypes Framework that characterizes the source, abstractness, and generality of information, as well as team styles for problem solving and sharing information. To do this, expert software designers will be asked to attend a design session and given a short design problem along with carefully crafted pieces of information that are relevant to the problem domain and correspond to the dimensions identified in the current version of the framework. The project team will ask each designer to organize the information and explain how they made judgments about the relatedness and potential usefulness of the different pieces of information for design, using a combination of quantitative analysis of the similarity judgments and qualitative analysis of interview responses to revise the framework. The impact of the revised framework on design creativity will then be investigated by developing a similar design problem for an introductory design class in an information technology innovation program, giving each student team a unique set of relevant information corresponding to each type of information identified in the revised framework. The project team will use a protocol analysis of each team's interactions to analyze how these differences in available information affect communicative content and processes, along with an existing framework for measuring the novelty and quality of generated ideas in order to link differences in available information to the teams' design outputs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

对于想要在市场上与同类产品区分开来的公司来说，开发有创意的产品是一个关键的软件工程问题。然而，关于软件开发团队在设计的早期阶段如何使用相关信息（如客户行为和竞争产品）来产生产品需求的创造性想法，以及不同类型的信息如何影响他们的创造力，人们所知的相对较少。该项目将研究专家软件设计师如何在软件开发的早期阶段与设计信息接触，以开发一个“信息原型框架”，该框架描述了设计信息及其对设计创造力的影响。这个框架将通过研究学生设计团队的表现来验证，这些团队被给予不同类型的信息来支持产品头脑风暴活动。除了从研究的角度提高对设计创意和认知的理解外，项目团队还将与本地软件开发公司和初创公司开展合作研讨会，讨论如何有效地驾驭复杂的信息，以提高他们的竞争力。该项目还将通过培训学生研究人员，为软件工程专业学生提供创新活动的设计信息，开发更广泛的信息技术创新课程，以及通过沉浸式暑期编程讲习班支持外展活动，以增加中学女生对STEM和设计相关职业的知识和兴趣，从而对教育产生重大影响。该项目的研究部分有两个主要部分。第一个目标是扩展信息原型框架的初始版本，该框架描述了信息的来源、抽象性和一般性，以及解决问题和共享信息的团队风格。要做到这一点，专家软件设计师将被要求参加一个设计会议，并给出一个简短的设计问题，以及与问题领域相关的精心制作的信息片段，这些信息片段与框架当前版本中确定的维度相对应。项目团队将要求每个设计师组织信息，并解释他们如何对设计中不同信息的相关性和潜在有用性做出判断，使用相似性判断的定量分析和访谈反应的定性分析相结合来修改框架。修订后的框架对设计创造力的影响将通过在信息技术创新计划的入门设计课程中开发类似的设计问题来进行调查，为每个学生团队提供一组独特的相关信息，对应于修订后框架中确定的每种类型的信息。项目团队将对每个团队的互动进行协议分析，以分析这些可用信息的差异如何影响交流内容和过程，并使用现有的框架来衡量产生的想法的新颖性和质量，以便将可用信息的差异与团队的设计输出联系起来。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。