CHS: Small: Developing and Validating a Physically Accurate Light-Scattering Model for the Rendering of Bird and Other Dinosaur Feathers

CHS：小型：开发和验证用于渲染鸟类和其他恐龙羽毛的物理精确光散射模型

• 批准号: 2007974
• 负责人: Eric Patterson
• 金额: $ 47.73万
• 依托单位: Clemson University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2007974&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; Small; Developing; Validating; Physically

Although computer graphics has become a crucial tool for scientific visualization (and many other fields such as medicine, industry, education, and communication), more realistic, fine-scale representations of the natural world are still sorely needed. Rendering, a core component of computer graphics, uses models of light and material interaction to generate today's most photorealistic images, but there are many real-world materials yet to be fundamentally studied in this regard. In ornithology and paleontology, for example, researchers continue to investigate feather micro-structures in an effort to discover how these produce color and iridescence, and to reveal the similarities and differences between feathers of modern birds and those of extinct dinosaurs, but to date no sufficiently sophisticated model has been developed to represent the complex, multi-scale interaction of light with feather sub-structures. This interdisciplinary project will lead to the first computer-graphics appearance model specifically developed for feathers, by collecting and building on biophysical data to design a biologically realistic rendering method. Additional broad impacts will derive from the project outcomes contributing to educational activities related to birds and other dinosaurs while transforming rendering capabilities to create photorealistic images of feathers and feathered creatures for scientific visualization, illustration, documentaries, and interactive graphics. The appearance of real-world feather anatomy is the result of light interactions with complex, patterned structures of varying scale. Currently, fiber-shading models of mammalian hair and fur are often used for convenience, despite their quite different structural and mechanical properties; inherently, therefore, such models do not accurately recreate the scattering properties of feathers. Furthermore, structural coloration, a wave-optics property not represented at all in fiber-shading models, is present in many feathers. To address these deficiencies, novel material models will be developed by collecting and observing physical data of varying scales from feathers. Broad taxonomic sampling will make manifest important variation among birds and facilitate imaging of a wide variety of microscopic structures. Light-scattering data will be recorded to develop and validate the new physical material models. Greater understanding of these multi-scale light interactions as well as the complex phenomenon of structural coloration holds potential to advance perspectives in several fields. Visualizations and comparisons between living-bird feathers and non-avian dinosaur fossils will increase understanding of feather evolution, be applicable to studies of signaling and evolution of mate choice in ornithology, and improve sophistication of fiber and wave-optics models in computer graphics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

虽然计算机图形学已经成为科学可视化（以及许多其他领域，如医学，工业，教育和通信）的重要工具，但仍然迫切需要更逼真，更精细的自然世界表示。 渲染是计算机图形学的核心组成部分，它使用光和材料相互作用的模型来生成当今最逼真的图像，但在这方面还有许多现实世界的材料尚未进行根本性的研究。 例如，在鸟类学和古生物学中，研究人员继续研究羽毛的微观结构，试图发现这些结构如何产生颜色和彩虹色，并揭示现代鸟类羽毛与灭绝恐龙羽毛之间的相似性和差异，但迄今为止还没有足够复杂的模型来表示光与羽毛子结构的复杂，多尺度的相互作用。 这个跨学科的项目将导致第一个专门为羽毛开发的计算机图形外观模型，通过收集和建立生物物理数据来设计一种生物逼真的渲染方法。 其他广泛的影响将来自项目成果，这些成果有助于与鸟类和其他恐龙相关的教育活动，同时转换渲染能力，为科学可视化，插图，纪录片和交互式图形创建羽毛和有羽毛生物的照片级逼真图像。真实世界羽毛解剖学的外观是光与不同规模的复杂图案结构相互作用的结果。 目前，为了方便起见，经常使用哺乳动物毛发和毛皮的纤维着色模型，尽管它们具有完全不同的结构和机械特性;因此，这种模型本质上不能准确地再现羽毛的散射特性。 此外，结构着色，一个波动光学性质，在所有的纤维阴影模型中没有表示，是目前在许多羽毛。 为了解决这些缺陷，将通过收集和观察羽毛的不同尺度的物理数据来开发新的材料模型。 广泛的分类学取样将使鸟类之间的重要变异变得明显，并有助于对各种各样的显微结构进行成像。 将记录光散射数据，以开发和验证新的物理材料模型。 对这些多尺度光相互作用以及结构着色的复杂现象的更好理解有可能在几个领域推进前景。 活鸟羽毛与非鸟类恐龙化石的可视化和比较将增加对羽毛进化的理解，适用于鸟类学中配偶选择的信号和进化的研究，并提高光纤和波的复杂性，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响进行评估，被认为值得支持审查标准。

项目成果

Procedural Shading for Rendering the Appearance of Feathers

用于渲染羽毛外观的程序着色

• DOI: 10.1145/3450618.3469161
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: SIGGRAPH '21: ACM SIGGRAPH 2021 Posters
• 作者: Baron, Jessica;Dhillon, Daljit Singh;Patterson, Eric
• 通讯作者: Patterson, Eric

Physically Based Rendering of Simple Thin Volume Natural Nanostructures

简单薄体积自然纳米结构的基于物理的渲染

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Advances in vision computing
• 作者: Dhillon, D. S.

Microstructure-based appearance rendering for feathers

基于微结构的羽毛外观渲染

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cag.2021.09.010
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Computers & Graphics
• 作者: Baron, Jessica;Dhillon, Daljit Singh;Smith, N. Adam;Patterson, Eric
• 通讯作者: Patterson, Eric