Generalized Probabilistic Theories

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The present project addresses the question of what determines the specific mathematical structure of quantum theory. A minimal set of postulates does not automatically lead to quantum theory, instead one obtains a large variety of so-called generalized probabilistic theories (GPT's) in which classical and quantum physics emerge as special cases. The aim of the project is to expand the scope of generalized probability theories in such a way that the set of states and effects can be specified individually. On the other hand, we intend to further restrict the space of possible theories by incorporating physically motivated assumptions in order to understand why the realized theory in Nature is quantum theory. For this project, which has already begun, a final funding is requested.