Collaborative Research: An Integrated Approach to Understanding and Spatially Modeling Haloacetonitrile Disinfection By-Products Associated with De Facto Wastewater Reuse

卤代乙腈（HAN）是在饮用水消毒过程中形成的一组消毒副产物（DBPs），其是饮用水毒性的重要贡献者。最近的研究表明，当上游处理厂排放的处理后的废水出现在经处理的饮用水供应中时，HAN的形成会增加。因此，它是可取的，以开发一个流域尺度的模型来预测的基础上存在的上游处理后的废水排放和饮用水消毒过程的HAN形成的风险。纽约州立大学布法罗分校和亚利桑那州立大学之间的这项合作研究旨在填补阻碍这种模型发展的知识空白。具体来说，这项研究将是第一个确定的速度，在处理后的废水排放改变潜在的形成HAN由于环境退化过程。实验确定的参数，然后将应用于区域或国家尺度的水质模型。此外，数据科学课程将在亚利桑那州立大学的环境工程课程中引入。布法罗大学将开发一个跨越建模和水处理的两个学期的跨课程学生项目。如果成功的话，这些模型的开发将有助于保护国家的水安全，同时监测各种水处理过程的影响。事实上的再利用，或间接饮用水再利用，在下游饮用水供应中偶然存在的处理过的废水，随着全球城市化的发展而增加。拟议的项目旨在全面了解流域和国家范围内实际废水再利用情景下与HAN相关的风险。本研究的主要目的是：（1）确定废水处理过程中产生的HAN风险，并将其与废水中的有机物和无机组分溴化物分离开来：（2）确定有机物的生物转化和光化学转化对废水中HAN风险的影响;（3）将实验结果整合到地理空间DRINCS模型中，以评估美国所有地表水供应的水处理厂的废水衍生HAN风险。将DRINCS的模型预测与区域水动力模型进行比较，以验证DRINCS中的简化或估计相关误差。该项目是第一次在全国范围内定量评估废水产生的HAN风险。虽然它侧重于HAN，但将实验研究与建模相结合的框架可转移到其他高优先级的新兴DBPs和来自废水的污染物。该项目的成果将告知全国范围内的HAN风险，由于事实上的再利用，并可能提供战略的废水和供水设施，以合作解决DBP problems.This award reflects NSF's法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准的支持。

Haloacetonitriles (HANs) are a group of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during drinking water disinfection that are important contributors to drinking water toxicity. Recent studies show that HAN formation is increased when the treated wastewater discharged from upstream treatment plants are present in the water supply that is treated for potable use. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a watershed scale model to predict the risks of HAN formation based on the presence of upstream treated wastewater discharges and the drinking water disinfection processes. This collaborative study between SUNY at Buffalo and Arizona State aims to fill the knowledge gaps that have prevented the development of such a model. Specifically, this study will be the first to determine the rates at which treated wastewater discharges alter the potential formation of HANs due to environmental degradation processes. The experimentally determined parameters will then be applied in regional or national scale water quality models. Additionally, a data science course will be introduced in the environmental engineering curriculum at Arizona State University. A two-semester, cross-course student project spanning modeling and water treatment will be developed at the University at Buffalo. If successful, the development of these models will help aid in the protection of the Nation's water security while monitoring the effects of various water treatment processes.De facto reuse, or indirect potable water reuse, the incidental presence of treated wastewater effluent in downstream drinking water supply, is increasing with urbanization worldwide. The proposed project aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the risks associated with HANs under de facto wastewater reuse scenarios on the watershed and national scale. It has four research objectives: (1) Determine the HAN risks associated with wastewater effluents as a function of wastewater treatment process and isolate the contribution from wastewater organic matter and inorganic constituent bromide; (2) Determine the influence of biological and photochemical transformation of organic matter on the wastewater-derived HAN risks; (3) Integrate experimental findings into the geospatial DRINCS model to assess wastewater-derived HAN risks for all water treatment plants supplied by surface water in the U.S. (4) Compare model predictions from DRINCS with regional hydrodynamic models to validate the simplifications made in DRINCS or estimate the associated error. This project is the first effort to quantitatively assess wastewater-derived HAN risks on the national scale. Although it focuses on HANs, the framework of integrating experimental research with modeling is transferrable to other high priority emerging DBPs and contaminants derived from wastewater. The outcome of this project will inform the nationwide HAN risks due to de facto reuse, and potentially provide strategies for wastewater and water utilities to collaboratively address DBP problems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.