Layered Inorganic Solids as Building Blocks for Functional Materials

DMR-1807116：层状无机固体作为功能材料的构建块非技术摘要2004年，石墨烯的发现提醒科学界，二维(2D)材料可能具有与化学相似的固体完全不同的性质，在这些固体中，键是三维的。2D材料在微电子、催化、润滑、海水淡化等许多领域都有新兴的应用。该领域的挑战之一是开发温和的化学物质，这种化学物质可以在不损坏2D片材的情况下将它们彼此分开，并通过化学键将它们与其他材料连接起来。该项目由NSF材料研究部的固态和材料化学计划资助，通过测量分子、离子和2D材料主要家族(自然界中的有机和无机材料)之间相互作用的能量来研究这些分离过程的基本原理。研究人员还研究了将一种2D材料转化为另一种2D材料的化学反应。教育和外展活动是该项目的一部分，让高中生和教师参与暑期研究项目。技术总结这个项目由美国国家科学基金会材料研究部的固态和材料化学项目资助，研究二维结合材料的反应化学。这项研究是基于一项出人意料的发现，即晚期过渡金属氢氧化物和早期过渡金属氧化物纳米片之间存在强烈的共价相互作用。首席研究员和他的研究小组通过后过渡金属的双金属和三金属络合物来探索这种影响，旨在了解与界面材料属性(如粘附性、电子接触和电化学能量存储)相关的化学键的趋势。用等温滴定量热法测量了层状氧化物和范德华固体(石墨、氮化硼和层状金属硫化物)的插层、剥离和再堆积反应，测量了溶液中团簇吸附的焓和熵。为了探索亲脂性元素与其表面的相互作用，合成了新的层状硫化物和硫化物纳米薄片。该项目的另一个方面是在配位不饱和有机金属络合物的初步结果的基础上，为范德华固体衍生的纳米片开发选择性表面化学。该项目的研究与指导和推广活动相结合，这些活动使K-12和本科水平的学生受益，并为高中教师提供暑期研究经验。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

DMR-1807116: Layered Inorganic Solids as Building Blocks for Functional MaterialsNon-Technical SummaryIn 2004 the discovery of graphene, monolayer sheets of graphite building blocks, alerted the scientific community that two-dimensional (2D) materials can have radically different properties from chemically similar solids in which the bonding is three-dimensional. 2D materials have emerging applications in microelectronics, catalysis, lubrication, desalination of salt water, and many other areas. One of the challenges in the field is to develop gentle chemistry that can separate 2D sheets from each other without damaging them, and connect them to other materials through chemical bonds. This project, funded by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research at NSF, studies the fundamentals of these separation processes by measuring the energy of interactions between molecules, ions, and sheets of the major families of 2D materials: both organic and inorganic in nature. The researchers also investigate chemical reactions that can transform one kind of 2D material into another. Education and outreach activities are part of the project by involving high school students and teachers in summer research programs.Technical SummaryThis project, funded by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research at NSF, investigates the reaction chemistry of two-dimensionally bonded materials. The research follows on the unexpected discovery of strong covalent interactions between late transition metal hydroxides and early transition metal oxide nanosheets. The principle investigator and his research group explore this effect with bi- and trimetallic complexes of late transition metals aiming to understand trends in chemical bonding that are relevant to interfacial materials properties such as adhesion, electronic contacts, and electrochemical energy storage. Isothermal titration calorimetry is used to measure the enthalpy and entropy of cluster adsorption from solution and to gain a deeper understanding of the intercalation, exfoliation, and restacking reactions of layered oxides and van der Waals solids (graphite, boron nitride, and layered metal chalcogenides). New layered oxysulfide and chalcogenide nanosheets are synthesized in order to explore the interactions of chalcophilic elements with their surfaces. Another aspect of the project is to develop selective surface chemistry for nanosheets derived from van der Waals solids, based on preliminary results obtained with coordinatively unsaturated organometallic complexes. Research on this project is integrated with mentoring and outreach activities that benefit students at the K-12 and undergraduate levels and that provide summer research experiences for high school teachers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.