Layered Inorganic Solids as Building Blocks for Functional Materials

层状无机固体作为功能材料的构建模块

• 批准号: 1306938
• 负责人: Thomas Mallouk
• 金额: $ 43.2万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1306938&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Layered; Inorganic; Solids; Building; Blocks

This project explores the chemistry of layered transition metal oxides in order to better understand catalyst-support interactions and to develop improved materials for electrochemical energy storage. Both aspects of the research exploit the fact that nanosheets, as two dimensional crystals, are good building blocks for materials with designed structures and emergent properties. One part of the project builds on the discovery that nanoparticles of certain metals and metal oxides have anomalously high stability when supported on metal oxide nanosheets. Calorimetry, electron microscopy, and X-ray scattering and absorption are being used to characterize the interfacial bonding. The primary goal of this part of the project is to map the periodic trends in bonding between late transition metal/metal oxide nanoparticles and early transition metal nanosheets. A second part of the project explores new synthetic routes to electroactive transition metal oxides. Topochemical reactions produce anhydrous, three-dimensionally bonded oxides in the form of nanoplates, which can be synthesized in the presence of graphene sheets to make a shuffled deck of conducting and electroactive "cards." Metal ions in the composites are in close contact with both the conducting graphene layers and the electrolyte that permeates them, and thus the materials have very good cyclability as supercapacitor and battery electrodes. These materials are being studied by a combination of X-ray scattering and absorption, electron microscopy, and electrochemical techniques.This project focuses on the synthesis of new materials that exploit the synergistic properties of nanoparticles. Understanding and controlling the stabilization of metal nanoparticles can have an important impact in heterogeneous catalysis. New synthetic routes to composites of oxide nanosheets and conducting graphene can also inform the development of secondary batteries that use more abundant, less expensive materials and have much longer cycling life. These research projects are integrated with the training of graduate and undergraduate students, as well as with outreach programs that provide hands-on research experiences for high school teachers and for K-12 students from disadvantaged school districts.

该项目探索了层状过渡金属氧化物的化学性质，以更好地理解催化剂-载体相互作用，并开发用于电化学储能的改进材料。 这两方面的研究都利用了这样一个事实，即纳米片作为二维晶体，是具有设计结构和涌现特性的材料的良好构建块。该项目的一部分建立在发现某些金属和金属氧化物的纳米颗粒在支撑在金属氧化物纳米片上时具有非常高的稳定性的基础上。 量热法，电子显微镜，X射线散射和吸收被用来表征界面结合。该项目这一部分的主要目标是绘制后过渡金属/金属氧化物纳米颗粒和前过渡金属纳米片之间键合的周期性趋势。该项目的第二部分探索电活性过渡金属氧化物的新合成路线。拓扑化学反应产生纳米片形式的无水三维键合氧化物，其可以在石墨烯片存在下合成，以制造导电和电活性“卡片”的洗牌。“复合材料中的金属离子与导电石墨烯层和渗透其中的电解质密切接触，因此这些材料作为超级电容器和电池电极具有非常好的循环性能。 这些材料正在通过X射线散射和吸收，电子显微镜和电化学技术的组合进行研究。本项目的重点是利用纳米颗粒的协同性能合成新材料。 理解和控制金属纳米粒子的稳定性可以在多相催化中产生重要影响。 氧化物纳米片和导电石墨烯复合材料的新合成路线也可以为使用更丰富，更便宜的材料并且具有更长的循环寿命的二次电池的开发提供信息。 这些研究项目与研究生和本科生的培训相结合，并与外展计划相结合，为高中教师和来自贫困学区的K-12学生提供实践研究经验。