Collaborative Research: Surface Exchange of Climate-Active Trace Gases in a Sea Ice Environment During MOSAiC

该项目的重点是了解在北冰洋进行大型合作实地工作期间，冰-海-气界面上的痕量气体交换。研究人员将收集一整年的数据，并与合作者一起减少区域和全球气候模型的不确定性。他们将从破冰研究船的船头以及在海冰上建立的野外营地的塔和便携式仪器中测量二氧化碳，甲烷，二甲基硫和臭氧。这项研究是为期一年的北极气候研究多学科漂流观测站（MOSAiC）的一个组成部分，该观测站将于2019-2020年举行，汇集了一个国际科学家团队，以了解海冰最近和预测变化的原因和后果。研究人员计划开展各种外联和教育工作，以激发科学教育工作者和学生对北极及其气候系统的兴趣和知识，这项研究将为博士后科学家和本科生提供教育和培训机会。这项研究将提高对控制北极海冰和大气之间气候活性气体交换过程的理解。研究人员将参加为期一年的国际实地活动，在高北极地区，多学科漂流观测站研究北极气候（MOSAiC）。他们将使用涡流相关法从德国破冰船Polarstern船头的一个塔和位于附近冰营地的一个塔进行连续的湍流通量测量。这些将解释在大的，公里级的冰和开放水域的气体传输。调查人员还将使用便携式动态通量室收集较小面积的冰雪和一系列表面类型上的直接气体排放和沉积的测量结果。在与海冰界面生物地球化学交换过程工作组（BEPSII）成员的合作下，对直接气体转移的观测将为海冰中痕量气体动力学的生物地球化学模型提供信息和验证。此外，还将开发一个空气/海洋气体转移的物理参数化，作为海洋-大气耦合反应实验气体转移模型的延伸，从而能够对海冰环境中的净气体转移进行区域估计。最后，研究结果将用于开发和评估一维和中尺度（极地天气研究和预报）大气化学-气象模拟系统中的海洋-海冰-边界层气候活性痕量气体交换，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估予以支持。

This project focuses on understanding the exchange of trace gases across the ice-sea-air interface during a large, collaborative field effort in the Arctic Ocean. Investigators will collect data over an entire year and with collaborators, reduce uncertainty in regional and global climate models. They will measure carbon dioxide, methane, dimethylsufide, and ozone from the bow of an icebreaking research vessel and from towers and portable instruments at field camps established on sea ice. The study is an integral part of the year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) that will take place 2019-2020, bringing together an international team of scientists to understand the causes and consequences of recent and predicted changes in sea ice. The investigators plan a variety of outreach and educational efforts to spark interest and build knowledge in science educators and students about the Arctic and its climate system, and this study will provide education and training opportunities for a postdoctoral scientist and undergraduates.This study will improve understanding of processes controlling exchange of climate-active gases between sea ice and atmosphere in the Arctic. The investigators will participate in a year-long, international field campaign in the high Arctic, Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC). They will conduct continuous turbulent flux measurements using the eddy correlation method from a tower on the bow of the German icebreaker Polarstern and from a tower situated on a nearby ice camp. These will account for gas transfer over large, km-scale areas of ice and open water leads. The investigators will also collect measurements of direct gas emission and deposition over smaller areas of ice and snow and a range of surface types using portable dynamic flux chambers. In collaboration with members of the Biogeochemical Exchange Processes at Sea-Ice Interfaces working group (BEPSII), observations of direct gas transfer will inform and validate biogeochemical models of trace gas dynamics in sea ice. In addition, a physical parameterization of air/sea gas transfer will be developed as an extension of the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment gas transfer (COAREG) model, enabling regional estimates of net gas transfer in the sea ice environment. Finally, results will be used to develop and evaluate of ocean-sea ice-boundary layer exchange of climate-active trace gases in both 1-D and meso-scale (Polar Weather Research and Forecasting) atmospheric chemistry-meteorological modelling systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.