Collaborative Research: Surface Exchange of Climate-Active Trace Gases in a Sea Ice Environment During MOSAiC

这个项目的重点是了解在一个大型的、协作的北冰洋现场工作中，通过冰-海-气界面的痕量气体交换。调查人员将在一整年的时间里收集数据，并与合作者一起减少区域和全球气候模型的不确定性。他们将从一艘破冰船的船头以及建立在海冰上的野外营地的塔和便携式仪器上测量二氧化碳、甲烷、二甲基硫化物和臭氧。这项研究是为期一年的北极气候研究多学科漂流观测站（MOSAiC）的组成部分，该观测站将于2019-2020年进行，汇集了一个国际科学家团队，以了解最近和预测的海冰变化的原因和后果。研究人员计划开展各种推广和教育工作，以激发科学教育者和学生对北极及其气候系统的兴趣并建立知识，这项研究将为博士后科学家和本科生提供教育和培训机会。这项研究将提高对北极海冰和大气之间控制气候活性气体交换过程的认识。研究人员将参加为期一年的高北极国际实地考察活动，多学科漂流观测北极气候研究（MOSAiC）。他们将从德国破冰船北极星号（Polarstern）船头的一座塔和附近冰营的一座塔上，利用涡流相关法进行连续的湍流通量测量。这将解释在大面积、千米尺度的冰面和开阔水域上的气体转移。研究人员还将使用便携式动态通量室收集在较小的冰雪区域和一系列表面类型上直接气体排放和沉积的测量数据。与海冰界面生物地球化学交换过程工作组（BEPSII）的成员合作，直接气体转移的观测将为海冰中微量气体动力学的生物地球化学模型提供信息和验证。此外，作为耦合海洋-大气响应实验气体传输（COAREG）模式的扩展，将开发空气/海洋气体传输的物理参数化，使海冰环境中净气体传输的区域估计成为可能。最后，研究结果将用于在一维和中尺度（极地天气研究和预报）大气化学-气象模拟系统中开发和评估海洋-海洋冰边界层的气候活性微量气体交换。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project focuses on understanding the exchange of trace gases across the ice-sea-air interface during a large, collaborative field effort in the Arctic Ocean. Investigators will collect data over an entire year and with collaborators, reduce uncertainty in regional and global climate models. They will measure carbon dioxide, methane, dimethylsufide, and ozone from the bow of an icebreaking research vessel and from towers and portable instruments at field camps established on sea ice. The study is an integral part of the year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) that will take place 2019-2020, bringing together an international team of scientists to understand the causes and consequences of recent and predicted changes in sea ice. The investigators plan a variety of outreach and educational efforts to spark interest and build knowledge in science educators and students about the Arctic and its climate system, and this study will provide education and training opportunities for a postdoctoral scientist and undergraduates.This study will improve understanding of processes controlling exchange of climate-active gases between sea ice and atmosphere in the Arctic. The investigators will participate in a year-long, international field campaign in the high Arctic, Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC). They will conduct continuous turbulent flux measurements using the eddy correlation method from a tower on the bow of the German icebreaker Polarstern and from a tower situated on a nearby ice camp. These will account for gas transfer over large, km-scale areas of ice and open water leads. The investigators will also collect measurements of direct gas emission and deposition over smaller areas of ice and snow and a range of surface types using portable dynamic flux chambers. In collaboration with members of the Biogeochemical Exchange Processes at Sea-Ice Interfaces working group (BEPSII), observations of direct gas transfer will inform and validate biogeochemical models of trace gas dynamics in sea ice. In addition, a physical parameterization of air/sea gas transfer will be developed as an extension of the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment gas transfer (COAREG) model, enabling regional estimates of net gas transfer in the sea ice environment. Finally, results will be used to develop and evaluate of ocean-sea ice-boundary layer exchange of climate-active trace gases in both 1-D and meso-scale (Polar Weather Research and Forecasting) atmospheric chemistry-meteorological modelling systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.