NeTS: Small: RUI: Bulldog Mote- Low Power Sensor Node and design Methodologies for Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络 (WSN) 由部署在广泛区域中的大量节点组成，其中并非所有节点都直接连接。无线传感器网络已广泛应用于众多现实世界的智能应用中，这些应用对人类的许多领域产生了重大影响，包括医疗保健监测、森林火灾检测、空气污染监测、山体滑坡检测和结构健康监测。然而，有限的电池寿命和传感器节点低效的电源管理仍然是无线传感器网络进一步发展的主要问题。该项目旨在设计一种新的低功耗传感器节点 Bulldog Mote，采用有吸引力的低功耗技术，例如能量收集、时钟调度和动态电压调度，并通过所有 WSN 设计层实现。 WSN 及其所有包含新设计的 Bulldog Motes 的子系统将在森林火灾探测和/或智能浇水应用中进行方法测试。该项目的影响将通过以下方式进一步加强：(1) 将低功耗设计技术嵌入主要行业方的实体系统中；(2) 通过改进的课程和高级项目加强课程开发；(3) 通过在线教程、同行参考出版物和开源网站传播研究成果；(4) 通过开放日和夏令营接触 K-12 学生和代表性不足的少数群体；(5) 支持女性和少数族裔学生的研究。最后，后续将开发全面的低功耗设计模型和程序，供设计人员在严格的功耗约束下创建和改进其他嵌入式设备的设计。 无线传感器网络的成功应用很大程度上依赖于高效设计的通信协议和能量感知节点架构。该项目致力于以下组件的设计和实现：(1) 在从应用到物理层的所有 WSN 设计层中实施高效的低功耗方法，(2) 使用各种低功耗方法创建的新 WSN 传感器节点 Bulldog Mote，以及 (3) 用于传感器节点架构的能量收集技术。将创建一个低功耗设计模型来设计此类嵌入式设备，并将其提供给相关领域的教育工作者、学生和工程师。此外，这项研究还将提供在功耗和通信能力方面为无线传感器网络设计增强型传感器节点所需的知识。相同的低功耗设计技术可用于各种其他功耗受限的应用，例如消费电子产品和医疗设备。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of a significant number of nodes deployed in a widespread area in which not all nodes are directly connected. WSNs have been widely employed in numerous real world smart applications that greatly impact many areas of humanity, including health care monitoring, forest fire detection, air pollution monitoring, landslide detection, and structural health monitoring. However, limited battery life and inefficient power management of the sensor nodes continue to be major concerns in the further development of WSNs. This project aims to design a new low-power sensor node, the Bulldog Mote, using attractive low power techniques, such as energy harvesting, clock scheduling, and dynamic voltage scheduling, implemented through all WSN design layers. The WSN and all its subsystems containing the newly designed Bulldog Motes will be methodologically tested on forest fire detection and/or smart watering applications. The impact of this project will be further strengthened by: (1) embedding low-power design technologies in substantial systems from major industry parties, (2) enhancing curriculum development with improved courses and senior projects, (3) disseminating research results through online tutorial, peer referred publications, and open-source website, (4) reaching out to K-12 students and underrepresented minority groups through open houses and summer camps, and (5) supporting women and minority students in research. Finally, subsequent comprehensive low-power design model and procedures will be developed for designers to create and improve designs of other embedded devices under tight power constrains. The successful application of WSN heavily relies on efficiently designed communication protocols and energy aware node architecture. This project addresses the design and implementation of the following components: (1) efficient low-power methodologies implemented throughout all WSNs' design layers from the application to the physical layer, (2) a new WSN sensor node, the Bulldog Mote, created using various low power methodologies, and (3) energy harvesting technologies for sensor node architecture. A low power design model will be created to design such embedded devices and made available to educators, students and engineers working in related areas. Furthermore, this research will provide the knowledge necessary to design enhanced sensor nodes for WSNs in terms of power consumption and communication ability. The same low-power design techniques can be used for a variety of other power constrained applications, such as consumer electronics and medical devices.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.