Understanding the Relationship Between Tornadoes and Debris Through Observed and Simulated Radar Data

通过观测和模拟雷达数据了解龙卷风和碎片之间的关系

• 批准号: 1823478
• 负责人: David Bodine
• 金额: $ 78.74万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1823478&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Relationship; Between; Tornadoes; Debris

Weather radar observations of tornadoes are a critical tool used by forecasters in short term forecasts of severe weather events and thus to mitigate the loss of life and property. Dual polarization radar signatures of tornado debris, called tornado debris signatures (TDSs), have received substantial attention due to their potential to remotely detect tornadoes and characterize tornado damage severity. This research has the potential to help forecasters use real-time weather radar observations to detect tornadoes and improve the accuracy of impact-based warnings by providing a better estimate of tornado damage/intensity, adding information beyond that afforded by reflectivity and velocity measurements alone. The research seeks to advance scientific knowledge of how debris characteristics relate to dual polarization radar measurements and how debris and kinematic processes influence the three-dimensional distribution of debris and TDS structure. Moreover, the work provides the first attempt to use radar simulations and observations to explore promising polarimetric radar algorithms to estimate and mitigate debris centrifuging errors with the goal of providing more accurate wind measurements in tornadoes. This research will be carried out using a debris model initially developed with previous NSF support showing great promise in simulating realistic TDSs. The use of such a model is crucial because TDSs can change not only due to the types of surfaces or density of debris over which the tornadoes pass, but also due to changes internal to the tornado, the tornado-producing supercell and the near-storm environment, making it difficult to assess the exact mechanisms responsible for observed changes in TDS or tornado circulations. The model eliminates these variabilities, and allows determination of how the TDS changes may be related to the land cover or tornado intensity while controlling other parameters. The simulations provide a variety of land cover and debris types to be investigated at different stages in the tornado life cycle.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

龙卷风的天气雷达观察是预报员在短期内对恶劣天气事件的预​​报使用的关键工具，从而减轻了生命和财产的损失。 龙卷风碎片（称为龙卷风碎片特征（TDSS））的双极化雷达特征，由于它们有可能远程检测到龙卷风并表征龙卷风损伤的严重程度，因此受到了极大的关注。 这项研究有可能帮助预测者使用实时天气雷达观测来检测龙卷风并通过更好地估计龙卷风伤害/强度，从而提高基于影响的警告的准确性，从而添加仅反射率和速度测量所提供的信息。该研究试图促进科学知识，了解碎屑特征与双极化雷达测量以及碎屑和运动学过程如何影响碎屑和TDS结构的三维分布。此外，这项工作提供了首次尝试使用雷达模拟和观察值来探索有希望的极化雷达算法，以估算和减轻碎屑离心错误，目的是在龙卷风中提供更准确的风测量。 这项研究将使用最初在先前的NSF支持中开发的碎屑模型进行，在模拟现实的TDS方面表现出巨大的希望。 这种模型的使用至关重要，因为TDS不仅可以改变龙卷风过去的表面或碎屑密度的类型或密度，而且还因为龙卷风内部的变化，产生龙卷风的超级电池和近乎刺激的环境的内部变化，使得难以评估在TDS或TDS循环中的确切机制变化的确切机制。 该模型消除了这些变异性，并允许确定TDS变化在控制其他参数时如何与土地覆盖或龙卷风强度相关。 这些模拟提供了各种土地覆盖和碎屑类型，将在龙卷风生命周期的不同阶段进行调查。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，认为值得通过评估来获得支持。

项目成果

Terrain effects on the 13 April 2018 Mountainburg, Arkansas EF2 tornado

地形对 2018 年 4 月 13 日阿肯色州芒廷堡 EF2 龙卷风的影响

• DOI: 10.15191/nwajom.2022.1002
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of operational meteorology
• 影响因子: 1.1
• 作者: Anderson, M. E.

A Comparison of Scan Speedup Strategies and Their Effect on Rapid-Scan Weather Radar Data Quality

扫描加速策略的比较及其对快速扫描气象雷达数据质量的影响

• DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-19-0216.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Mahre, Andrew;Yu, Tian-You;Bodine, David J.
• 通讯作者: Bodine, David J.

Understanding How Complex Terrain Impacts Tornado Dynamics Using a Suite of High-Resolution Numerical Simulations

使用一套高分辨率数值模拟了解复杂地形如何影响龙卷风动力学

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-19-0321.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Satrio, Martin A.;Bodine, David J.;Reinhart, Anthony E.;Maruyama, Takashi;Lombardo, Franklin T.
• 通讯作者: Lombardo, Franklin T.

A Primer on Phased Array Radar Technology for the Atmospheric Sciences

大气科学相控阵雷达技术入门

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-21-0172.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: Palmer, Robert;Bodine, David;Kollias, Pavlos;Schvartzman, David;Zrnić, Dusan;Kirstetter, Pierre;Zhang, Guifu;Yu, Tian-You;Kumjian, Matthew;Cheong, Boonleng
• 通讯作者: Cheong, Boonleng

Science Applications of Phased Array Radars

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-21-0173.1
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: P. Kollias;R. Palmer;D. Bodine;T. Adachi;H. Bluestein;John Y. N. Cho;Casey B. Griffin;J. Houser;P. Kirstetter;M. Kumjian;J. Kurdzo;Wen-Chau Lee;E. Luke;S. Nesbitt;M. Oue;A. Shapiro;A. Rowe;J. Salazar;R. Tanamachi;Kristofer S. Tuftedal;Xuguang Wang;D. Zrnic;Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras