Understanding the Relationship Between Tornadoes and Debris Through Observed and Simulated Radar Data

通过观测和模拟雷达数据了解龙卷风和碎片之间的关系

• 批准号: 1823478
• 负责人: David Bodine
• 金额: $ 78.74万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1823478&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Relationship; Between; Tornadoes; Debris

Weather radar observations of tornadoes are a critical tool used by forecasters in short term forecasts of severe weather events and thus to mitigate the loss of life and property. Dual polarization radar signatures of tornado debris, called tornado debris signatures (TDSs), have received substantial attention due to their potential to remotely detect tornadoes and characterize tornado damage severity. This research has the potential to help forecasters use real-time weather radar observations to detect tornadoes and improve the accuracy of impact-based warnings by providing a better estimate of tornado damage/intensity, adding information beyond that afforded by reflectivity and velocity measurements alone. The research seeks to advance scientific knowledge of how debris characteristics relate to dual polarization radar measurements and how debris and kinematic processes influence the three-dimensional distribution of debris and TDS structure. Moreover, the work provides the first attempt to use radar simulations and observations to explore promising polarimetric radar algorithms to estimate and mitigate debris centrifuging errors with the goal of providing more accurate wind measurements in tornadoes. This research will be carried out using a debris model initially developed with previous NSF support showing great promise in simulating realistic TDSs. The use of such a model is crucial because TDSs can change not only due to the types of surfaces or density of debris over which the tornadoes pass, but also due to changes internal to the tornado, the tornado-producing supercell and the near-storm environment, making it difficult to assess the exact mechanisms responsible for observed changes in TDS or tornado circulations. The model eliminates these variabilities, and allows determination of how the TDS changes may be related to the land cover or tornado intensity while controlling other parameters. The simulations provide a variety of land cover and debris types to be investigated at different stages in the tornado life cycle.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

天气雷达对龙卷风的观测是预报员在短期预报恶劣天气事件中使用的一个重要工具，从而减轻生命和财产损失。 龙卷风碎片的双极化雷达特征信号，称为龙卷风碎片特征信号（TDS），由于其潜在的远程探测龙卷风和表征龙卷风破坏的严重程度，已受到极大的关注。 这项研究有可能帮助预报员使用实时天气雷达观测来检测龙卷风，并通过提供更好的龙卷风破坏/强度估计来提高基于影响的警报的准确性，增加超出反射率和速度测量所提供的信息。这项研究力求增进关于碎片特征与双极化雷达测量之间的关系以及碎片和运动过程如何影响碎片三维分布和TDS结构的科学知识。此外，这项工作首次尝试使用雷达模拟和观测来探索有前途的偏振雷达算法，以估计和减轻碎片的误差，目的是提供更准确的龙卷风风力测量。 这项研究将使用一个碎片模型进行，该模型最初是在国家科学基金会以前的支持下开发的，在模拟现实的TDS方面显示出很大的希望。 使用这样一个模型是至关重要的，因为TDS不仅可以由于龙卷风经过的表面类型或碎片密度而发生变化，而且还可以由于龙卷风内部的变化，产生龙卷风的超级单体和近风暴环境，因此很难评估导致TDS或龙卷风环流变化的确切机制。 该模型消除了这些变化，并允许确定如何TDS的变化可能与土地覆盖或龙卷风强度，同时控制其他参数。 该模拟提供了在龙卷风生命周期的不同阶段进行调查的各种土地覆盖和碎片类型。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Terrain effects on the 13 April 2018 Mountainburg, Arkansas EF2 tornado

地形对 2018 年 4 月 13 日阿肯色州芒廷堡 EF2 龙卷风的影响

• DOI: 10.15191/nwajom.2022.1002
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of operational meteorology
• 影响因子: 1.1
• 作者: Anderson, M. E.

A Comparison of Scan Speedup Strategies and Their Effect on Rapid-Scan Weather Radar Data Quality

扫描加速策略的比较及其对快速扫描气象雷达数据质量的影响

• DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-19-0216.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Mahre, Andrew;Yu, Tian-You;Bodine, David J.
• 通讯作者: Bodine, David J.

Understanding How Complex Terrain Impacts Tornado Dynamics Using a Suite of High-Resolution Numerical Simulations

使用一套高分辨率数值模拟了解复杂地形如何影响龙卷风动力学

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-19-0321.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Satrio, Martin A.;Bodine, David J.;Reinhart, Anthony E.;Maruyama, Takashi;Lombardo, Franklin T.
• 通讯作者: Lombardo, Franklin T.

Science Applications of Phased Array Radars

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-21-0173.1
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: P. Kollias;R. Palmer;D. Bodine;T. Adachi;H. Bluestein;John Y. N. Cho;Casey B. Griffin;J. Houser;P. Kirstetter;M. Kumjian;J. Kurdzo;Wen-Chau Lee;E. Luke;S. Nesbitt;M. Oue;A. Shapiro;A. Rowe;J. Salazar;R. Tanamachi;Kristofer S. Tuftedal;Xuguang Wang;D. Zrnic;Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras

A Primer on Phased Array Radar Technology for the Atmospheric Sciences

大气科学相控阵雷达技术入门

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-21-0172.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: Palmer, Robert;Bodine, David;Kollias, Pavlos;Schvartzman, David;Zrnić, Dusan;Kirstetter, Pierre;Zhang, Guifu;Yu, Tian-You;Kumjian, Matthew;Cheong, Boonleng
• 通讯作者: Cheong, Boonleng