Doctoral Dissertation Research: Encephalic Arterial Canals and their Functional Significance

博士论文研究：脑动脉管及其功能意义

基本信息

批准号：
1825129
负责人：
Douglas Boyer
金额：
$ 2.76万
依托单位：
Duke University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-15 至 2020-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1825129&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Doctoral Dissertation Research Encephalic Arterial

项目摘要

The cost of evolving a large brain, like the human brain, is hypothesized to require energetic trade-offs, such that increases in brain metabolism may require reductions in energy used for growth and reproduction. However, additional comparative data on brain metabolism (the rate at which energy is used) are needed to better investigate these potential trade-offs. Because direct measurements are difficult to obtain for most living species and impossible for extinct ones, this doctoral dissertation project will use measurements obtained from skeletal features affected by brain metabolic demands to infer rates of brain metabolism in a broad group of mammals. Comparing how and why mammals may vary in the energy they expend on the brain relative to their body's metabolism will advance knowledge in primate and human biology and brain evolution. This project will generate numerous 3D scans of skulls that will be used for student mentoring and public outreach at Duke University and the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. These data will also be released for public access on the digital archive MorphoSource, which will yield further research and educational utility.Previous studies suggest that the size of foramina that transmit the brain's arteries may be used to predict brain glucose utilization rates in euarchontans. This project aims to further evaluate the use of these foramina to test energetic hypotheses of brain size evolution. Diameters of the transverse foramina (which transmit the vertebral artery) and carotid canals (which transmit the internal carotid artery) will be measured from osteological and 3-D digitized specimens obtained from high-resolution computed tomography scans, respectively, in a broad taxonomic sample of marsupials, glirans, afrotheres, xenarthrans, and some carnivorans. A study of bony canal area and predicted blood flow rate change through ontogeny in a cadaveric osteological sample of humans will also be conducted to further elucidate the relationship between foramen size, brain size, and brain metabolism. Using these data, this project will test the extent to which large brains in primates and other mammals are sustained by increasing the body's metabolic rate. This research will further the understanding of human brain evolution within the context of mammalian brain evolution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

假设像人脑一样发展大脑的成本需要精力折算，以便增加脑代谢的增加可能需要减少用于生长和繁殖的能量。但是，需要有关脑代谢的其他比较数据（使用能量的速率）以更好地研究这些潜在的权衡。由于对于大多数活物种而言，很难获得直接的测量，而对于灭绝的物种来说是不可能的，因此该博士学位论文项目将使用受大脑代谢需求影响的骨骼特征获得的测量，以推断一群哺乳动物的脑代谢率。比较哺乳动物在大脑上相对于身体代谢所消耗的能量的方式以及为什么会有所不同，这将提高灵长类动物，人类生物学和大脑进化的知识。该项目将产生大量的3D头骨扫描，这些扫描将用于杜克大学和北卡罗来纳州自然科学博物馆的学生指导和公共外展。这些数据还将在数字存档形态学上发布公共访问，该数据将产生进一步的研究和教育实用性。预防研究表明，传播大脑动脉的孔的大小可用于预测Euarchontans的大脑葡萄糖利用率。该项目旨在进一步评估这些孔的使用来检验大脑大小演化的能量假设。 Diameters of the transverse foramina (which transmit the vertebral artery) and carotid canals (which transmit the internal carotid artery) will be measured from osteological and 3-D digitized specimens obtained from high-resolution computed tomography scans, respectively, in a broad taxonomic sample of marsupials, glirans, afrotheres, xenarthrans, and some carnivorans.还将在人类的尸体骨学样本中对骨运河区域和预测血流的变化，以进一步阐明孔孔大小，大脑大小和脑代谢之间的关系。使用这些数据，该项目将测试灵长类动物和其他哺乳动物中大脑的大脑通过增加身体的代谢率来维持的程度。这项研究将进一步理解哺乳动物脑进化的背景下的人脑的进化。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。