MRI: Development of the PHAse Space MeAsurements (PHASMA) Experiment

MRI：PHAse 空间测量 (PHASMA) 实验的发展

• 批准号: 1827325
• 负责人: EARL SCIME
• 金额: $ 34.3万
• 依托单位: West Virginia University Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1827325&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Development; PHAse; Space; MeAsurements

One of the challenges in understanding naturally occurring phenomena in outer space is how difficult it is to perform scientific measurements throughout the region of interest. Another challenge is that nature is rarely kind enough to produce the exact same event over and over again so that scientists can distinguish random fluctuations in their measurements from those that result from the phenomena of interest. The phenomena in space of particular interest are those that play important roles in the space environment around the Earth and which can impact human infrastructure in space, e.g., satellites, manned space vehicles, etc., and technological systems on Earth, e.g., power grids, global positioning systems (GPS), and long distance radio communication. This project involves the construction of a laboratory facility capable of producing plasma phenomena like those that occur in space. Plasmas are gasses so hot that the electrons are stripped away from their atoms. The resulting collection of charged particles responds to both electric and magnetic fields, just like plasmas in space. This particular facility will investigate how the ions and electrons in plasmas are heated and accelerated when magnetic fields annihilate, when the plasma is turbulent, or when the plasma moves faster than the speed of sound. The facility will engage a consortium of plasma physics researchers throughout West Virginia. The broader impacts of this work will also include the training of graduate and undergraduate students in a research environment that synergistically combines experimental and theoretical plasma physics and attracts high quality undergraduates into physics through involvement in cutting-edge research activities.While there is a strong synergy between laboratory experiments and other approaches to studying space physics, there are currently no space-relevant experiments in the world making direct measurements of three-dimensional ion and electron distribution functions in a plasma volume. The instrument to be developed under this award, called the PHAse Space MeAsurements (PHASMA) experiment, features laser induced fluorescence diagnostics for ion measurements, Thomson scattering diagnostics for electron velocity distribution function measurements, and a microwave scattering system for turbulence measurements. Spacecraft measurements have advanced to the point where velocity distribution function measurements are leading to paradigm-changing insights about a broad spectrum of space plasma phenomena. The ability to directly measure velocity distribution functions in the lab will complement and enhance the value of the direct measurements made in space. The PHASMA experiment will enable studies of particle acceleration and plasma heating in magnetic reconnection, collisionless shocks, and plasma turbulence. The experimental facility research team includes members with unique strengths in particle diagnostic measurements and expertise in kinetic modeling -- making the team ideally suited to investigate these topics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

理解外层空间自然发生现象的挑战之一是在整个感兴趣的地区进行科学测量是多么困难。另一个挑战是，大自然很少足够友善，可以一遍又一遍地产生完全相同的事件，以便科学家可以将其测量中的随机波动与来自感兴趣现象产生的那些人的测量结果区分开。特别感兴趣的空间中的现象是那些在地球周围的太空环境中起重要作用的现象，这些现象可能影响太空中的人类基础设施，例如卫星，载人的太空车辆等以及地球上的技术系统，例如电网，全球定位系统（GPS）和长距离广播。该项目涉及建造能够产生等离子体现象的实验室设施，就像太空中发生的现象一样。等离子体是气体太热的，以至于电子被剥离远离原子。产生的带电颗粒的集合对电场和磁场都响应，就像空间中的等离子体一样。该特定的设施将研究等离子体中的离子和电子在磁场，血浆湍流或血浆移动速度比声速快时加热和加速。该设施将与整个西弗吉尼亚州的血浆物理研究人员组成。这项工作的更广泛影响还将包括在研究环境中培训研究生和本科生在协同上结合实验性和理论等离子体物理学的培训，并通过参与促进研究活动的参与而吸引高质量的本科生进入物理学。目前，实验实验与其他实验之间的实验相互促进，使得在实验中进行了实验，从而使实验的实验是在实验中的其他方法，该方法是对实验的实验。三维离子和电子分布在等离子体体积中的功能。根据该奖项开发的仪器，称为相空间测量值（Phasma）实验，具有激光诱导的离子测量值荧光诊断，用于电子速度分布函数测量值的Thomson散射诊断和用于湍流测量的微波散射系统。航天器的测量已提高到速度分布函数测量结果导致有关广泛空间等离子体现象的范式变化的见解。实验室中直接测量速度分布函数的能力将补充并增强空间中直接测量的值。 Phasma实验将在磁重新连接，无碰撞冲击和血浆湍流中研究颗粒加速和血浆加热。实验设施研究团队包括在粒子诊断测量中具有独特优势的成员和动力学建模方面的专业知识 - 使团队理想地适合研究这些主题。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

Measurements of the 5D4∘−5P3 transition of singly ionized atomic iodine using intermodulated laser induced fluorescence

使用互调激光诱导荧光测量单电离原子碘的 5D4→5P3 跃迁

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2021.107960
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Lazo, M.J.;Steinberger, T.E.;Good, T.N.;Scime, E.E.
• 通讯作者: Scime, E.E.

Alfvénic modes excited by the kink instability in PHASMA

由 PHASMA 中的扭结不稳定性激发的 Alfvénic 模式

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0041617
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physics of Plasmas
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Shi, Peiyun;Srivastav, Prabhakar;Beatty, Cuyler;John, Regis;Lazo, Matthew;McKee, John;McLaughlin, Jacob;Moran, Michael;Paul, Mitchell;Scime, Earl E.
• 通讯作者: Scime, Earl E.