RAPID: Post-fire lidar change detection, Eagle Creek fire, Columbia River Gorge, Oregon

RAPID：火灾后激光雷达变化检测，俄勒冈州哥伦比亚河峡谷鹰溪火灾

• 批准号: 1829442
• 负责人: Joshua Roering
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-15 至 2018-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829442&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Post; fire; lidar; change

Increased wildfire activity in the Western U.S. significantly increases the likelihood of rapid, highly destructive debris flows as well as contributes to rapid soil erosion and rockfall. Debris flows emanate from steep catchments where they entrain sediment and debris before entering adjacent lowlands, and thus, they pose an increasingly significant threat to human life and infrastructure. In September 2017, the Eagle Creek fire complex burned nearly 50,000 acres of steep, forested terrain along the southern margin of the Columbia River Gorge in Oregon. Data and field observations necessary to determine the relevance of post-fire geomorphic responses in the Eagle Creek fire region are lacking. This project responds to the severe urgency to collect data and field observations following the fire, and could impact management activities. This project will inform process-based geomorphic models of debris flow potential and provide important constraints on the contribution of extreme events to regional erosion and sediment yield. The work plan includes raster and point-cloud based change-detection with lidar datasets. Lidar analysis documenting changes in the forest and sub-canopy structure between 2014 and 2018 will enable the team to quantify how the disturbance of different components of the vegetation mosaic contribute to sediment transport. Analysis of post-fire land surface change will enable the team to test how grain size and slope angle regulate transport distances owing to disturbance. Fieldwork in summer 2018 will occur before mitigation activities overprint post-fire geomorphic change. The team will identify hillslope sites with thick sediment accumulation that are likely to produce debris flows and identify damage to infrastructure. Various state and federal agencies are involved and a graduate student will receive training from experts in lidar techniques.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国西部野火活动的增加大大增加了快速、极具破坏性的泥石流的可能性，并导致快速的土壤侵蚀和崩塌。泥石流来自陡峭的集水区，在进入邻近的低地之前，泥石流携带了泥沙和碎屑，因此，它们对人类生命和基础设施构成越来越严重的威胁。2017年9月，Eagle Creek火灾建筑群烧毁了俄勒冈州哥伦比亚河峡谷南缘近5万英亩陡峭的森林地带。缺乏必要的数据和实地观测来确定Eagle Creek火区火灾后地貌反应的相关性。该项目应对火灾后收集数据和实地观察的严重紧迫性，并可能影响管理活动。该项目将为基于过程的地貌模型提供泥石流潜力的信息，并对极端事件对区域侵蚀和泥沙产量的贡献提供重要的制约。工作计划包括使用激光雷达数据集进行基于栅格和点云的变化检测。激光雷达分析记录了2014至2018年间森林和亚冠层结构的变化，将使该小组能够量化植被镶嵌的不同组成部分对沉积物运输的影响。对火灾后陆地表面变化的分析将使研究小组能够测试颗粒大小和坡度如何调节由于干扰而产生的运输距离。2018年夏季的野外工作将在缓解活动叠加火灾后地貌变化之前进行。该小组将确定泥沙堆积较厚的山坡地点，这些地点可能会产生泥石流，并确定对基础设施的破坏。多个州和联邦机构参与其中，一名研究生将接受激光雷达技术专家的培训。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。