LTER: Multi-decadal responses of prairie, savanna, and forest ecosystems to interacting environmental changes: insights from experiments, observations, and models

LTER：草原、稀树草原和森林生态系统对相互作用的环境变化的数十年响应：来自实验、观察和模型的见解

• 批准号: 1831944
• 负责人: Eric Seabloom
• 金额: $ 676.2万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-15 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1831944&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Multi; decadal; responses; prairie

Human activities are altering the earth's ecosystems and creating unprecedented combinations of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere, supplies of limiting nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, and rates of disturbances such as fire. At the same time, humans are increasing species extinctions and the spread of invasive species, including pests, and pathogens. Researchers at the Cedar Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program (CDR) are using long-term models and data from grasslands, savannas, and forests to understand and forecast how these interacting human-driven environmental changes will alter the earth?s ecosystems and the ability of ecosystems to provide the services that support human well-being. This work builds on the CDR hallmark of combining data from long-term experiments and observations to explore the interactive effects of changes in resources (nutrients, atmospheric carbon dioxide), abiotic aspects of the environment (temperature, precipitation), biodiversity, and disturbance (fire, land use change) on linked ecological processes at local to global scales. In addition to this primary research goal, the CDR program will continue to develop a diverse, globally competitive workforce in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) by mentoring undergraduate researchers and providing them with independent research and professional development opportunities. CDR also will continue to increase public scientific literacy and public engagement with STEM through K-12 education programs, citizen science activities, membership and volunteer programs, public tours, adult education, as well as arts and humanities partnerships. These activities reach thousands of visitors and participants each year, including teachers, neighbors, public officials, and other members of the public in Minnesota.CDR research will continue its multi-decadal studies of the ecological impacts of multiple environmental change drivers, including the longest-running biodiversity and elevated CO2 experiments in the world, and some of the world's longest-running studies of nutrient enrichment and fire frequency. New CDR research initiatives will build from past insights and seek more general understanding and predictive ability. For example, a new forest biodiversity experiment will build on past CDR biodiversity research to disentangle the roles of multiple facets of biodiversity (functional, phylogenetic, and species) and use trees to test the generality of biodiversity theory. Second, new experiments replicated in the long-term biodiversity experiment and savanna will determine the interactive effects of drought, nutrients, warming, and biodiversity on ecosystem processes and stability. Third, new initiatives will develop and test models that predict how ecosystems recover from chronic nitrogen enrichment. Fourth, new experiments will test hypotheses about the how consumers such as bison and fire disturbance interact to restructure and alter the functioning of grassland, savanna, and forest ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类活动正在改变地球的生态系统，并在大气中的二氧化碳（CO2）浓度、磷和氮等限制性营养物质的供应以及火灾等干扰的频率方面创造了前所未有的组合。与此同时，人类正在加剧物种灭绝和入侵物种的传播，包括害虫和病原体。雪松溪长期生态研究项目（CDR）的研究人员正在使用来自草原、稀树草原和森林的长期模型和数据来了解和预测这些相互作用的人类驱动的环境变化将如何改变地球。美国生态系统和生态系统提供支持人类福祉的服务的能力。这项工作建立在CDR特征的基础上，结合长期实验和观测数据，探索资源变化（营养物质、大气二氧化碳）、环境的非生物方面（温度、降水）、生物多样性和干扰（火灾、土地利用变化）在地方和全球尺度上对相关生态过程的相互作用。除了这一主要研究目标之外，CDR项目将继续通过指导本科研究人员并为他们提供独立研究和专业发展机会，在科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）领域培养一支多元化的、具有全球竞争力的劳动力队伍。CDR还将通过K-12教育项目、公民科学活动、会员和志愿者项目、公众参观、成人教育以及艺术和人文合作伙伴关系，继续提高公众的科学素养和公众对STEM的参与。这些活动每年吸引成千上万的游客和参与者，包括明尼苏达州的教师、邻居、政府官员和其他公众成员。CDR研究将继续对多种环境变化驱动因素的生态影响进行数十年的研究，包括世界上持续时间最长的生物多样性和二氧化碳浓度升高实验，以及一些世界上持续时间最长的营养物质富集和火灾频率研究。新的CDR研究计划将以过去的见解为基础，寻求更普遍的理解和预测能力。例如，一项新的森林生物多样性实验将建立在过去的CDR生物多样性研究的基础上，以解开生物多样性的多个方面（功能、系统发育和物种）的作用，并利用树木来测试生物多样性理论的普遍性。第二，在长期生物多样性实验和稀树草原上复制的新实验将确定干旱、养分、变暖和生物多样性对生态系统过程和稳定性的相互作用。第三，新举措将开发和测试预测生态系统如何从慢性氮富集中恢复的模型。第四，新的实验将检验关于消费者（如野牛和火灾干扰）如何相互作用以重构和改变草原、稀树草原和森林生态系统功能的假设。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Micronutrients enhance macronutrient effects in a meta‐analysis of grassland arthropod abundance

• DOI: 10.1111/geb.13196
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Global Ecology and Biogeography
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Rebecca M. Prather;Karen Castillioni;M. Kaspari;Lara Souza;C. Prather;Ryan W Reihart;Ellen A. R. Welti

Site‐specific responses of foliar fungal microbiomes to nutrient addition and herbivory at different spatial scales

• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5711
• 发表时间: 2019-10
• 期刊: Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Candice Y. Lumibao;E. Borer;Bradford Condon;L. Kinkel;G. May;E. Seabloom

Short‐term plant–soil feedback experiment fails to predict outcome of competition observed in long‐term field experiment

短期植物-土壤反馈实验无法预测长期田间实验中观察到的竞争结果

• DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3883
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Beckman, Noelle G.;Dybzinski, Ray;Tilman, David
• 通讯作者: Tilman, David

Frequent burning causes large losses of carbon from deep soil layers in a temperate savanna

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13351
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Journal of Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: A. Pellegrini;K. McLauchlan;S. Hobbie;M. Mack;A. Marcotte;D. Nelson;S. Perakis;P. Reich;K. Whittinghill

Soil nutrients cause threefold increase in pathogen and herbivore impacts on grassland plant biomass

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.14111
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Journal of Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Max M Zaret;L. Kinkel;E. Borer;E. Seabloom