EAGER: Lipids on the move

EAGER：脂质在移动

• 批准号: 1841251
• 负责人: Susanne Hoffmann-Benning
• 金额: $ 29.86万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1841251&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Lipids; move

Plants are essential for all life on earth: they provide the oxygen we breathe, medicines, raw materials for industry and construction, fuel, nutrition, and food. Globally, 62% of harvested crop is used for human food, 3% to produce seeds for replanting, bioenergy, and industrial products, and 35% for animal feed. The priority goals of the United Nations include "End hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture". This is not a trivial goal as plants are quite literally "rooted to the spot" and cannot escape adverse conditions. It is essential to understand how plants sense environmental changes, signal these changes to other parts of the plant and adjust development accordingly. Lipids are oil and fat-soluble molecules that play an important role in plant and animal development and serve as signals for changing environmental conditions. As a result, understanding the function of plant lipids and the mechanism of their transport will serve not only the scientific understanding of plant developmental processes but will also translate into tangible improvements of food sustainability and quality: - Understanding how lipids affect plant growth and seed and fruit development will lead to higher yields and more food. - Understanding how lipids affect plant survival in changing environments (cold, freezing, drought, nutrient-deficient soil, insect feeding etc.) will reduce crop losses. Lipids are essential components of plants. They provide energy for metabolic processes, are membrane components, and serve as intracellular signals. Simple lipids such as oxylipins are long-distance signals of biotic stress suggesting other lipids function as systemic signals as well. Given the fundamental importance of mobile signals for the coordination of abiotic stress and development, and thus for plant survival and food security, it is imperative to unequivocally demonstrate the existence of long-distance phospholipid-signaling and its components. The PI's lab has identified the lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) and a PA-binding protein (PLAFP) in phloem exudates and proposed that phloem lipid-binding proteins, particularly PLAFP and PA act in development and in long-distance signaling in response to environmental stress. To test this hypothesis, the lab will - Investigate localization and movement of the protein PLAFP using a combination of transgenic approaches, grafting, western blot, confocal microscopy, immunogold labeling and NightOWL imaging. - Monitor lipid movement in wild type, PLAFP-overexpression and PLAFP knock-down plants. MS will confirm the identity of the radiolabeled mobile compound. - Determine binding mechanisms and specificity of the PLAFP-PA complex and its movement using a combination of a "Red-Light-ON" optogenetic switch with a novel FRET approach that visualizes protein-lipid interaction in vitro and in-planta. Once established this system will provide a tool to study protein-ligand interactions in any system.The work will be assisted by a postdoctoral researcher, a graduate student, and an undergraduate. They will be able to participate in an international collaboration/exchange with the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物对地球上的所有生命都是必不可少的：它们提供我们呼吸的氧气、药物、工业和建筑的原材料、燃料、营养和食物。在全球范围内，62%的收获作物用于人类食物，3%用于生产补种、生物能源和工业产品的种子，35%用于动物饲料。联合国的优先目标包括“消除饥饿，实现粮食安全，改善营养，促进可持续农业”。这不是一个微不足道的目标，因为植物确实“扎根于现场”，无法逃脱不利条件。了解植物如何感知环境变化，向植物的其他部分发出这些变化的信号并相应地调整发育是至关重要的。脂质是油溶性和脂溶性分子，在植物和动物发育中起重要作用，并作为环境条件变化的信号。因此，了解植物脂质的功能及其运输机制不仅有助于科学地了解植物发育过程，还将转化为粮食可持续性和质量的切实改善：-了解脂质如何影响植物生长以及种子和果实发育将导致更高的产量和更多的食物。- 了解脂质如何影响植物在不断变化的环境中的生存（寒冷，冰冻，干旱，缺乏营养的土壤，昆虫喂养等）将减少作物损失。脂类是植物的重要组成部分。它们为代谢过程提供能量，是膜组分，并作为细胞内信号。简单脂质如氧脂素是生物应激的长距离信号，表明其他脂质也起系统信号的作用。鉴于移动的信号对于协调非生物胁迫和发展的根本重要性，因此对于植物生存和粮食安全，必须明确地证明长距离磷脂信号及其组分的存在。 PI的实验室已经确定了韧皮部分泌物中的脂质磷脂酸（PA）和PA结合蛋白（PLAFP），并提出韧皮部脂质结合蛋白，特别是PLAFP和PA在发育和响应环境压力的长距离信号中起作用。 为了验证这一假设，该实验室将使用转基因方法，移植，蛋白质印迹，共聚焦显微镜，免疫金标记和NightOWL成像的组合来研究蛋白质PLAFP的定位和运动。- 监测野生型、PLAFP过表达和PLAFP敲低植物中的脂质运动。MS将确认放射性标记的移动的化合物的身份。- 确定PLAFP-PA复合物的结合机制和特异性及其运动，使用“红光-ON”光遗传学开关与新型FRET方法的组合，该方法可在体外和体内可视化蛋白质-脂质相互作用。一旦建立，这个系统将提供一个工具，研究蛋白质配体相互作用在任何系统中。这项工作将由一名博士后研究人员，一名研究生，和一名本科生协助。他们将能够参与与德国杜塞尔多夫海因里希-海涅大学的国际合作/交流。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Collection and Analysis of Phloem Sap

韧皮部汁液的采集与分析

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Methods in molecular biology
• 作者: Susanne Hoffmann-Benning

Beyond Membranes: The Evolution of Plant Lipid Signaling

超越膜：植物脂质信号的演变

• DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.06.004
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Molecular Plant
• 影响因子: 27.5
• 作者: Hoffmann-Benning, Susanne