Scalable Cyberinfrastructure for Early Warning Gravitational Wave Detections

用于早期预警引力波探测的可扩展网络基础设施

• 批准号: 1841480
• 负责人: Chad Hanna
• 金额: $ 98.39万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-10-01 至 2021-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1841480&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Scalable; Cyberinfrastructure; Early; Warning; Gravitational

Recent advances in astronomical facilities have opened new windows on the universe that extend observing capabilities beyond conventional telescopes. Joint observations that combine telescopes, neutrino detectors, and new gravitational wave detectors including the NSF-supported LIGO Observatory are revealing aspects of the universe that are presently a mystery. Just recently, signals from the collision of two extremely dense neutron stars - a merger known as GW170817 - were detected by both conventional telescopes and gravitational wave detectors. The event was detected first in gravitational waves, two seconds later in gamma rays, after 10 hours in optical, ultraviolet, infrared, and much later in x-ray and radio waves. From this single event, the world learned that some short-hard gamma ray bursts indicate neutron star mergers, that these mergers might be the origin of many elements in the periodic table such as gold and platinum, that gravity and light travel at the same speed, and that gravitational waves really could measure how fast the universe is expanding. Despite what was learned, GW170817 left the world with many questions. What object was formed afterward? Was it another neutron star? Was it a black hole? Why was the gamma ray burst associated with GW170817 unlike anything else that had been observed? Answering these questions, and conducting these kinds of joint observations on a regular basis, requires significant computing and software infrastructure (cyberinfrastructure).The project proposes to develop the cyberinfrastructure necessary to give earlier gravitational event alerts to other astronomical facilities than is currently possible, allowing researchers to collect as much data as possible about these new types of celestial events. This project will fortify the streaming data delivery of LIGO by producing sub-second data delivery to a streaming early warning search for neutron star mergers. Substantial automated monitoring and feedback will ensure the entire system operates without manual intervention. The project will capitalize upon existing NSF investments in cyber-infrastructure for real-time gravitational wave analysis and will significantly augment the data delivery and automation layer for detections which is presently a bottleneck and failure mode. Using gravitational waves to provide an early warning for robotic telescopes will significantly enhance the scientific utility of LIGO data and significantly facilitate multi-messenger astrophysics. This proposal will promote the progress of science in two of the National Science Foundation's 10 Big Ideas: "Harnessing the Data Revolution" "Windows on the Universe: The Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics". This project is supported by the Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure in the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

天文设施的最新进展已经打开了宇宙的新窗户，这些窗户将观察能力扩展到传统望远镜之外。结合望远镜，中微子检测器和新的引力波检测器（包括NSF支持的Ligo天文台）的联合观察结果揭示了目前是一个谜的宇宙方面。就在最近，传统望远镜和引力波检测器都检测到了两个极致密的中子星的碰撞信号 - 称为GW170817的合并。 该事件在重力波中首次被检测到，两秒钟后在伽玛射线中，在光学，紫外线，红外线和X射线和无线电波中进行了10小时后。 从这个单一事件中，世界了解到，一些短的伽玛射线爆发表明中子恒星合并，这些合并可能是元素周期表中许多元素的起源，例如金和铂，重力和轻度以相同的速度行进，而引力波确实可以测量宇宙的速度扩大。 尽管学到了什么，但GW170817留下了许多问题。之后形成了什么对象？是另一个中子星吗？它是黑洞吗？为什么伽马射线与GW170817相关的伽马射爆发与观察到的其他内容不同？回答这些问题，并定期进行这些类型的联合观察，需要大量的计算和软件基础架构（Cyber​​infrstructure）。该项目提议开发必要的Cyber​​inFradstructure，以使较早的重力事件提醒为其他天文学设施提供早期的重力事件警报，从而使研究人员可能会收集这些新型事件的更多数据。该项目将通过将次秒数据输送到中子星星合并的流媒体预警搜索中产生次秒数据传递来加强Ligo的流数据传输。大量的自动监视和反馈将确保整个系统在没有手动干预的情况下运行。该项目将利用现有的NSF在网络基础结构上进行实时引力波分析，并大大增加数据传输和自动化层的检测，这目前是瓶颈和故障模式。使用引力波来为机器人望远镜提供预警，将显着增强Ligo数据的科学效用，并显着促进多通信的天体物理学。 该建议将在国家科学基金会的两个大思想中的两个中促进科学的进步：“利用数据革命”“宇宙中的窗户：多门徒天体物理学时代”。该项目得到了计算机和信息科学与工程局的高级网络基础设施办公室的支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准，认为值得通过评估来获得支持。

项目成果

Early warning of coalescing neutron-star and neutron-star-black-hole binaries from the nonstationary noise background using neural networks

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.062004
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Hang Yu;R. Adhikari;R. Magee;S. Sachdev;Yanbei Chen

First Demonstration of Early Warning Gravitational-wave Alerts

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abed54
• 发表时间: 2021-04-01
• 期刊: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
• 影响因子: 7.9
• 作者: Magee, Ryan;Chatterjee, Deep;Zweizig, John
• 通讯作者: Zweizig, John

GstLAL: A software framework for gravitational wave discovery

• DOI: 10.1016/j.softx.2021.100680
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: SoftwareX
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: K. Cannon;S. Caudill;C. Chan;B. Cousins;J. Creighton;B. Ewing;H. Fong;P. Godwin;C. Hanna

Fast evaluation of multidetector consistency for real-time gravitational wave searches

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.022003
• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: C. Hanna;S. Caudill;C. Messick;A. Reza;S. Sachdev;L. Tsukada;K. Cannon;K. Blackburn;J. Creighton;H. Fong;P. Godwin;S. Kapadia;T. Li;R. Magee;D. Meacher;D. Mukherjee;A. Pace;S. Privitera;R. K. Lo;L. Wade

An Early-warning System for Electromagnetic Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Events

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abc753
• 发表时间: 2020-08
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: S. Sachdev;R. Magee;C. Hanna;K. Cannon;L. Singer;J. Sk;D. Mukherjee;S. Caudill;C. Chan;J. Creighton;B. Ewing;H. Fong;P. Godwin;R. Huxford;S. Kapadia;A. Li;Rico Ka Lok Lo;D. Meacher;C. Messick;S. Mohite;A. Nishizawa;H. Ohta;A. Pace;A. Reza;B. Sathyaprakash;M. Shikauchi;Divya Singh;L. Tsukada;D. Tsuna;T. Tsutsui;K. Ueno