EAGER: Robust, Low-power Strategies for Unattended Micrometeorological Buoy Deployments in Extreme Cold and Freezing Spray

EAGER：用于极冷和冰冻喷雾中无人值守微气象浮标部署的稳健、低功耗策略

• 批准号: 1841621
• 负责人: Scott Miller
• 金额: $ 16.34万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1841621&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Robust; Low; power; Strategies

This project is for the testing/development of low-power methods to mitigate the effects of ice and liquid water on the performance and data quality of air-sea momentum and heat flux sensors. It utilizes cold chambers and wind tunnel facilities to develop and test active deicing strategies that have been successfully used in aircraft applications. The techniques will be adapted and optimized for the low-power scenario of an overwinter buoy on Lake Ontario. If successful, this approach could enable direct measurements of momentum, heat and moisture from the lake into the atmosphere during the winter. Such measurements are needed for better modeling and prediction of lake effect snow, which frequently impact communities downwind of the North American Great Lakes, causing loss of life, destruction of property and infrastructure, and commercial and social disruption. Robust, low-power strategies to mitigate ice accumulation on sensors and structures would also have broader applications beyond this research application. This project will partially fund graduate students at SUNY Albany and Penn State who will play an integral role in the testing, and thereby receive valuable training and experience that is part of their graduate education.The overarching scientific goal motivating this project is to improve parameterizations of lake-atmosphere momentum, heat, and moisture fluxes that will lead to better lake effect snow forecasts. Direct measurements of fluxes using the eddy covariance (EC) technique during the winter would be most useful to develop/improve surface flux parameterizations, test research hypotheses, and examine model performance under extreme forcing. To date, difficulties associated with measuring turbulence and fluxes from power-limited platforms during hard winter conditions have precluded collection of such data. As a step toward developing the capability for EC flux measurements in these conditions, this project will adopt a technique from the aviation industry and explore the feasibility of using short, intense pulses of mechanical vibrations and/or heat to dislodge ice or water from the instrument surfaces. These methods will be tested under simulated freezing spray conditions. This de-icing method is expected to be much more power efficient than simply heating the sensors to keep them ice free. If successful, the method is intended to be deployed on buoys with extra buoyancy and high righting moment to resist ice buildup on other parts of the superstructure. The buoys would provide winter time measurements from the ice-free parts of the Great Lakes. Successful demonstration of these techniques will be published in the peer reviewed literature, enabling application by other researchers focused on micrometeorology in extreme environments, and, more broadly, applications where ice mitigation is critical and available power is limited.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目用于测试/开发低功率方法，以减轻冰和液体水对空气动量和热通量传感器的性能和数据质量的影响。它利用冷室和风洞设施来制定和测试已成功用于飞机应用中的主动除法策略。这些技术将用于安大略湖越冬浮标的低功率场景。如果成功，这种方法可以在冬季直接测量动量，热量和水分进入大气。需要进行这样的测量来更好地建模和预测湖泊效应雪，这经常影响北美大湖区下风的社区，从而导致生命损失，财产和基础设施以及商业和社会破坏。强大的低功率策略来减轻传感器和结构上的冰的积累也将在本研究应用程序之外具有更广泛的应用。该项目将在纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼和宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究生中部分资助他们在测试中发挥不可或缺的作用，从而获得有价值的培训和经验，这是他们研究生教育的一部分。激励该项目的总体科学目标是改善湖泊 - 大气，热量，热量，热量和水分的参数化，从而降低湖泊效应，从而使湖泊效应更好。在冬季使用涡流协方差（EC）技术对通量的直接测量对于开发/改善表面通量参数化，测试研究假设并检查在极端强迫下的模型性能最有用。迄今为止，在艰难的冬季条件下，与测量功率受限平台的湍流和通量有关的困难排除了此类数据的收集。作为在这些条件下开发EC通量测量能力的一步，该项目将采用航空业的技术，并探索使用短而强烈的机械振动和/或热量将冰或水从仪器表面移出的可行性。这些方法将在模拟的冰点喷雾条件下进行测试。预计这种去冰的方法比简单地加热传感器以保持冰的释放要高得多。如果成功的话，该方法旨在将其部署在具有额外浮力和高右时刻的浮标上，以抵抗上层建筑的其他部分的冰层。浮标将提供大湖区无冰部分的冬季测量。这些技术的成功演示将在同行评审的文献中发表，从而在极端环境中专注于微量星学的其他研究人员的应用，更广泛地，在这些应用程序中，降冰至关重要的应用程序是至关重要的，可用权力是有限的。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估基础的智力效果和宽阔的范围来评估，这是值得通过评估的，并且值得通过评估。