CAREER: Adaptive Physical Interfaces

职业：自适应物理接口

• 批准号: 1844406
• 负责人: Stefanie Mueller
• 金额: $ 52.52万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1844406&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Adaptive; Physical; Interfaces

Adaptive User Interfaces, i.e. interfaces that change their layout and functionality based on working context, capabilities, skills, and motivations of users can help to complete tasks faster and widen access for populations with diverse abilities. For instance, an adaptive website re-layouts its content when viewed on a phone rather than a laptop screen to preserve fast access to information, an adaptive menu re-orders its functions to display the ones that are frequently used in the most prominent location, and an adaptive webpage stylizer replaces color schemes that are hard to see for users with visual impairments with those that are easy to process. So far, adaptive user interfaces have mainly been explored for on-screen user interfaces, such as webpages and other digital applications running on desktop computers, laptops, and mobile phones. However, with computing moving into our environment and the increased availability of "smart" everyday objects with integrated sensing, it now becomes feasible to ask how the approach deployed for digital adaptive user interfaces can be applied to physical user interfaces, i.e. the physical objects we use in our everyday lives. For instance, consider the example of a child learning how to ride a bike with the help of training wheels: sensors integrated in the wheels can measure how well the child is balancing and determine the current learning progress, then motors can lift or lower the training wheels to increase or decrease the difficulty level according to the child's progress. The research team will study a range of application use cases in the areas of learning (e.g., adaptive writing aids, adaptive toys for child development), health and rehabilitation (e.g., adaptive walkers, canes, casts), and accessibility (e.g., adaptive tools for meal preparation, personal care, and recreation). The investigator will follow the research plan that was initially deployed for influential early work on digital adaptive user interfaces. In the first phase, application areas and use cases will be identified for physically adaptive tools. After clustering the application areas, the team will build exemplary prototypes for physically adaptive tools. After finishing the first round of prototypes, usability testing and evaluation will be conducted. For the user studies, the team will compare user performance between adaptive physical tools vs. their non-adaptive counterparts. Each study task will be designed to match the context of the tool (e.g., measuring learning gain, productivity increase, health improvement), but the main study design will be coherent across all tools. Using the insights gained from this investigation, the team will build a framework of design principles for building adaptive physical tools and propose a set of metrics for measuring their successful application. The framework will cover aspects, such as the adaptation time during interaction (i.e., the time for the tool to change its physical state), the adaptation range (i.e., the range actuators have to cover when changing the physical tool), and the adaptation integration (i.e., adding sensors and actuators in a way that does not interfere with the user interaction). Based on the framework of design principles, the team will develop a design tool that facilitates the development of adaptive physical tools. With the framework, design tool, and formalized study design in hand, the team will investigate specific application areas, such as adaptive learning, health and rehabilitation, and accessibility, in depth.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

自适应用户界面，即根据用户的工作环境、能力、技能和动机改变其布局和功能的界面，可以帮助更快地完成任务，并为不同能力的人群扩大访问范围。例如，一个自适应网站在手机屏幕上而不是笔记本电脑屏幕上浏览时重新布局其内容，以保持对信息的快速访问，一个自适应菜单重新排序其功能，以显示那些经常在最显眼的位置使用的功能，一个自适应网页样式器取代了那些视觉障碍用户难以看到的配色方案，取而代之的是那些易于处理的配色方案。到目前为止，自适应用户界面主要用于屏幕上的用户界面，如网页和其他运行在台式计算机、笔记本电脑和移动电话上的数字应用程序。然而，随着计算进入我们的环境，以及集成传感的“智能”日常物品的可用性增加，现在可以问如何将部署于数字自适应用户界面的方法应用于物理用户界面，即我们日常生活中使用的物理对象。例如，考虑到一个孩子在辅助轮的帮助下学习如何骑自行车的例子：集成在轮子上的传感器可以测量孩子的平衡情况，并确定当前的学习进度，然后电机可以根据孩子的进步提高或降低辅助轮，以增加或减少难度级别。研究小组将研究学习领域的一系列应用用例（例如，自适应书写辅助工具，儿童发展的自适应玩具），健康和康复（例如，自适应助行器，手杖，石膏）以及可访问性（例如，用于膳食准备，个人护理和娱乐的自适应工具）。研究人员将遵循最初部署的研究计划，用于有影响力的数字自适应用户界面的早期工作。在第一阶段，将为物理适应性工具确定应用领域和用例。在对应用领域进行集群化之后，团队将为物理适应性工具构建示例原型。在完成第一轮原型后，将进行可用性测试和评估。对于用户研究，团队将比较自适应物理工具与非自适应物理工具之间的用户性能。每个研究任务的设计将与工具的背景相匹配（例如，衡量学习收获、生产力提高、健康改善），但主要研究设计将在所有工具之间保持一致。利用从这次调查中获得的见解，团队将构建一个设计原则框架，用于构建自适应物理工具，并提出一组度量其成功应用的度量标准。该框架将涵盖各个方面，例如交互期间的适应时间（即工具改变其物理状态的时间），适应范围（即，在改变物理工具时执行器必须覆盖的范围）以及适应集成（即，以不干扰用户交互的方式添加传感器和执行器）。基于设计原则的框架，团队将开发一个设计工具，以促进自适应物理工具的开发。有了框架、设计工具和正式的研究设计，团队将深入研究特定的应用领域，如适应性学习、健康和康复以及可访问性。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Adapt2Learn: A Toolkit for Configuring the Learning Algorithm for Adaptive Physical Tools for Motor-Skill Learning

Adapt2Learn：用于配置运动技能学习自适应物理工具的学习算法的工具包

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: DIS '21: Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021
• 作者: Turakhia, D.

Can Physical Tools that Adapt their Shape based on a Learner’s Performance Help in Motor Skill Training?

根据学习者表现调整形状的物理工具有助于运动技能训练吗？

• DOI: 10.1145/3430524.3440636
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: ACM Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction
• 作者: Turakhia, Dishita G;Qi, Yini;Blumberg, Lotta-Gili;Wong, Andrew;Mueller, Stefanie
• 通讯作者: Mueller, Stefanie

FlexBoard: A Flexible Breadboard for Interaction Prototyping on Curved and Deformable Surfaces

FlexBoard：用于在弯曲和可变形表面上进行交互原型设计的灵活试验板

• DOI: 10.1145/3544548.3580748
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: CHI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: Ko, Donghyeon;Kim, Yoonji;Zhu, Junyi;Wessely, Michael;Mueller, Stefanie
• 通讯作者: Mueller, Stefanie

SensorViz: Visualizing Sensor Data Across Different Stages of Prototyping Interactive Objects

SensorViz：可视化交互式对象原型设计的不同阶段的传感器数据

• DOI: 10.1145/3532106.3533481
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: DIS '22: Designing Interactive Systems Conference
• 作者: Kim, Yoonji;Zhu, Junyi;Trivedi, Mihir;Turakhia, Dishita;Wu, Ngai Hang;Ko, Donghyeon;Wessely, Michael;Mueller, Stefanie
• 通讯作者: Mueller, Stefanie

MechSense: A Design and Fabrication Pipeline for Integrating Rotary Encoders into 3D Printed Mechanisms

MechSense：将旋转编码器集成到 3D 打印机构中的设计和制造流程

• DOI: 10.1145/3544548.3581361
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: CHI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: Alalawi, Marwa;Pacik-Nelson, Noah;Zhu, Junyi;Greenspan, Ben;Doan, Andrew;Wong, Brandon M;Owen-Block, Benjamin;Mickens, Shanti Kaylene;Schoeman, Wilhelm Jacobus;Wessely, Michael
• 通讯作者: Wessely, Michael