CAREER: What Governs Salt Mobilization and Transport in Upland Semi-Arid Catchments?

职业：是什么控制着高地半干旱流域的盐动员和运输？

• 批准号: 1845605
• 负责人: Ryan Bailey
• 金额: $ 50.09万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1845605&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; What; Governs; Salt; Mobilization

Salinity is one of the most common water quality threats in river basins and irrigated regions worldwide. High salinity in soils and groundwater decreases yield from crops, threatening the longevity of communities worldwide and the livelihood of growers. In many semi-arid river valleys, salt accumulates in the soil due to salty irrigation water, poor drainage in the root zone, and the release of salt from natural mineral deposits in soils. A large quantity of salt, however, can enter the valleys from small streams that drain dry, upland areas. These upland areas often contain vast areas of salt minerals deposits, which can dissolve and flow into streams during large rainstorms. This project will investigate how salt is mobilized during storms and measure the amount of salt leaving the upland area into the river valley. Understanding these processes can assist in managing overall salt movement in large river basins and thereby sustain crop productivity. The field work for this project will take place in the Arkansas River Basin in southeastern Colorado, a region affected by high soil salinity. Due to the similarities between this basin and other irrigated, salinity-affected river valleys worldwide, results from this project can help other regions. This project also includes educational activities for middle schools, high schools, and graduate university classes. Middle school and high school instruction and field trips will introduce students to general and local water issues, teach students about salt and measuring salt in local waters, and seek to instill a desire to pursue careers in sciences. Teachers will be trained so that in-class instruction and field trip experiences can serve students attending the schools in coming years.Salinity is one of the most common water quality threats in river basins and irrigated regions worldwide. Sustainability of crop production in irrigated areas in semi-arid and arid areas is threatened by over-irrigation, poor quality of irrigation water (high salinity), inadequate drainage, shallow saline groundwater, and salinization of soil and underlying groundwater, all of which can lead to decreased crop yield. Numerous studies have been conducted worldwide to assess salinity build-up, loading, transport, and fate in irrigated regions using a combination of field and modeling methods. However, relatively little attention has been given to upland catchments that mobilize and load salt to the rivers of irrigated regions. These salt loads from upland areas can be significant compared to the salt loads in the main stem of the rivers, thus contributing to decreased crop yield, poor water security, and a decrease in ecological health in downstream regions. This project will enhance understanding of salinity mobilization, movement, and transport in arid upland catchments by quantifying salt mobilization in upland catchment areas during storm events and quantifying the contribution of various transport pathways to total salt export from upland catchments and total salt loading in the river basin. These objectives will be accomplished through laboratory and field rainfall simulator experiments, field data collection, process-based numerical modeling, and educational activities that involve middle school and high school students in knowledge discovery and field methods. Educational activities include STEM kits to guide classroom instruction, field data collection, and analysis. The study sites for data collection and model application are within the Lower Arkansas River Basin in southeastern Colorado, an area with high levels of salinity in groundwater and surface water. For modeling, a salinity transport module for the SWAT watershed model will be developed, which will be included in the main SWAT source code and disseminated for use worldwide to manage salt loadings in watersheds. The module will simulate the reactive transport of major salt ions in soils, groundwater, and surface water, and will account for the effect of soil salinity on crop growth.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

盐度是世界范围内河流流域和灌溉地区最常见的水质威胁之一。土壤和地下水中的高盐度降低了作物产量，威胁到世界各地社区的寿命和种植者的生计。在许多半干旱河谷，由于灌溉水含盐、根区排水不良以及土壤中天然矿物质沉积释放出盐，盐在土壤中积累。然而，大量的盐可以从干涸的高地地区的小溪进入山谷。这些高地地区通常含有大面积的盐矿物沉积物，在大暴雨期间，这些盐矿物可以溶解并流入河流。该项目将调查盐在风暴期间是如何流动的，并测量离开高地地区进入河谷的盐量。了解这些过程可以帮助管理大型河流流域的总体盐运动，从而维持作物生产力。该项目的野外工作将在科罗拉多东南部的阿肯色州河流域进行，该地区受高土壤盐度影响。由于该流域与世界上其他受灌溉、盐碱化影响的河谷之间的相似性，该项目的结果可以帮助其他地区。该项目还包括针对初中、高中和大学研究生班的教育活动。初中和高中的教学和实地考察将向学生介绍一般和当地的水问题，教学生有关盐和测量当地沃茨的盐，并寻求灌输追求科学事业的愿望。教师将接受培训，以便在未来几年内为学生提供课堂教学和实地考察经验。盐度是全球河流流域和灌溉地区最常见的水质威胁之一。半干旱和干旱地区灌溉区作物生产的可持续性受到过度灌溉、灌溉水质量差（含盐量高）、排水不足、浅层地下咸水以及土壤和地下水盐碱化的威胁，所有这些都可能导致作物产量下降。世界范围内已经进行了大量的研究，使用现场和建模方法相结合，以评估灌溉地区的盐度积累，负载，运输和命运。然而，相对较少的关注已经给高地集水区，动员和加载盐灌溉地区的河流。这些来自高地地区的盐负荷与河流主干的盐负荷相比可能很大，从而导致作物产量下降，水安全不良，下游地区生态健康下降。该项目将通过量化风暴期间高地集水区的盐动员和量化各种运输途径对高地集水区总盐出口和流域总盐负荷的贡献，加强对干旱高地集水区盐动员、运动和运输的理解。这些目标将通过实验室和现场降雨模拟器实验，现场数据收集，基于过程的数值模拟，以及涉及中学和高中学生的知识发现和现场方法的教育活动来实现。教育活动包括STEM工具包，用于指导课堂教学、现场数据收集和分析。数据收集和模型应用的研究地点位于科罗拉多东南部的下阿肯色州河流域，该地区的地下水和地表水含盐量很高。为了建立模型，将为SWAT流域模型开发一个盐度迁移模块，该模块将被纳入SWAT的主要源代码，并在全世界范围内传播，以管理流域的盐负荷。该模块将模拟土壤、地下水和地表水中主要盐离子的反应性迁移，并将解释土壤盐分对作物生长的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

A salinity module for SWAT to simulate salt ion fate and transport at the watershed scale

SWAT 的盐度模块，用于模拟流域尺度的盐离子命运和传输

• DOI: 10.5194/hess-23-3155-2019
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Bailey, Ryan T.;Tavakoli-Kivi, Saman;Wei, Xiaolu
• 通讯作者: Wei, Xiaolu