AON: Continuation of long-term observations of the Beaufort Gyre environmental changes in 2019-2020 to enhance understanding of the Arctic's impact on climate variability

AON：继续对2019-2020年波弗特环流环境变化进行长期观测，以加强对北极对气候变化影响的了解

• 批准号: 1845877
• 负责人: Isabela Le Bras
• 金额: $ 192.72万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-01 至 2023-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1845877&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: AON; Continuation; long; term; observations

The Beaufort Gyre (BG) is a unique circulation component within the Arctic Ocean's physical environmental system reflecting a set of specific atmospheric, sea-ice, oceanic and bio-geo-ecological conditions that have significant interrelationships with the Arctic-wide and global climate system. One of the most striking Arctic observations in the 21st century has been a reduction in both sea-ice extent and thickness, and an increase of freshwater content in the BG region. At present, there are insufficient observations or theories to reach a consensus among the different opinions about these changes and their impact on climate. The BG summer freshwater content has increased by 6,600 km3 since 2003. Not only does this have important consequences for Arctic sea-ice, ocean thermodynamics, and ecosystems, but a possible fresh water release from the Arctic of this magnitude is enough to cause a salinity anomaly in the North Atlantic with a magnitude comparable to the Great Salinity Anomaly of the 1970s, which could influence global climate by reducing the ocean meridional overturning circulation and result in cooling. Thus, the BG system is a potential source to force significant climate changes, likely at decadal time scales. Data returned from this project and distributed freely via the project website and archived with the NSF Arctic Data Center will continue to advance our understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological drivers of environmental change in the Arctic, their relationship to the climate system, and linkages to global processes. Long-term time series of project data will facilitate numerical model initialization and validation and stimulate general interest in Arctic science issues. The knowledge gained under this project will continue to be vital to a wide variety of Arctic processes and climate studies, to operational forecasting and other Arctic research programs, and will spur further valuable investigations of the Arctic Ocean. This project will continue to expand international cooperation and promote widespread access to Arctic for both researchers and the general public. Educational activities will include training of graduate students providing them the opportunity to participate in BG cruises and advising them in BG data analysis. The project data will continue to be used by the Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS) project and Arctic community to validate and improve Arctic regional and global models, test hypotheses, and answer scientific questions.The Beaufort Gyre Observing System (BGOS) will be continued throughout 2019-2020 to observe a set of environmental parameters using bottom-anchored moorings and shipboard measurements to continue the long-term time-series at standard locations. Ship-based synoptic sampling covering the entire BG will continue to be performed each summer in collaboration with Canadian scientists to observe reversal of the climatic circulation regime that has been persistent in one sense over the observation period. Temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, barium, CFCs and carbon tetrachloride, alkalinity, total CO2, dissolved inorganic carbon, tritium/3-He and delta-O-18 will continue to be measured and analyzed along sections at 140W, 150W, ~75N and ~78N using a shipboard CTD/rosette. Between CTD/rosette casts, expendable CTDs that profile to 1100m depth will continue to be used to increase spatial resolution of the temperature and salinity fields. Three BGOS moorings redeployed in 2018 will acquire precise data on the variations of the vertical distribution of seawater properties, bottom pressures, and sea ice draft at the same scientifically important sites within the BG system and will be retrieved in 2020.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Beaufort Gyre（BG）是北极海洋物理环境系统中的独特循环成分，反映了一组特定的大气，海冰，海洋，海洋和生物缘态生态条件，与北极范围内和全球气候系统具有显着相互关系。 21世纪最引人注目的北极观察之一是，海冰范围和厚度都会下降，以及BG地区淡水含量的增加。目前，关于这些变化及其对气候的影响的不同观点，没有足够的观察或理论来达成共识。自2003年以来，BG BG夏季淡水含量增加了6,600 km3。这不仅对北极海冰，海洋热力学和生态系统产生了重要的后果，而且可能从北极的北极释放出来的淡水足以使北大西洋的盐分异常与巨大的盐分相比造成巨大的盐分，从而使海洋综合的量很大，这可能会导致1970年代的综合量，这可能是造成的，这是在1970年代的恢复。推翻循环并导致冷却。因此，BG系统是迫使气候变化的潜在来源，可能在十年时间尺度上。从该项目返回的数据并通过项目网站自由分发，并与NSF北极数据中心存档将继续提高我们对北极环境变化的物理，化学和生物学驱动因素的理解，它们与气候系统的关系以及与全球过程的联系。项目数据的长期时间序列将促进数值模型初始化和验证，并刺激对北极科学问题的普遍兴趣。该项目所获得的知识将继续对各种北极过程和气候研究，对运营预测和其他北极研究计划至关重要，并将刺激对北极海洋的进一步宝贵研究。该项目将继续扩大国际合作，并为研究人员和公众提供广泛的北极访问权限。教育活动将包括对研究生的培训，为他们提供参加BG巡航并为BG数据分析提供建议的机会。论坛将继续使用该项目数据用于北极建模和观察综合（FAMOS）项目和北极社区，以验证和改善北极区域和全球模型，测试假设以及回答科学问题。BeaufortGyre观察系统（BGOS）将在整个2019 - 200年继续使用环境参数的持续时间和底线，并将其持续量的台阶均置于稳定的范围内。标准位置的时间序列。涵盖整个BG的基于船舶的概要抽样将在每年夏天与加拿大科学家合作进行，以观察到在观察期间在某种意义上一直持续存在的气候循环制度的逆转。温度，盐度，氧气，营养素，钡，CFC和四氯化碳，碱度，总二氧化碳，溶解的无机碳，无机碳，tritium/3-He和delta-o-18将继续在140W，150W，〜75n和shipette/rosette/rosette/rosette/rosette上进行测量和分析。在CTD/玫瑰花塞铸件之间，将继续使用该曲线到1100m深度的可消耗性CTD，以增加温度和盐度场的空间分辨率。 2018年重新部署的三个BGO系泊设备将在BG系统内同一科学重要的站点上获得有关海水特性，底部压力和海冰草稿垂直分布的变化的精确数据，并将在2020年检索到2020年。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估范围的范围来审查了范围的范围。

项目成果

Climate-Relevant Ocean Transport Measurements in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

大西洋和北冰洋与气候相关的海洋运输测量

• DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-04
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Oceanography
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Berx, Barbara;Volkov, Denis;Baehr, Johanna;Baringer, Molly;Brandt, Peter;Burmeister, Kristin;Cunningham, Stuart;de Jong, Marieke;de Steur, Laura;Dong, Shenfu
• 通讯作者: Dong, Shenfu

Inorganic Carbon and p CO 2 Variability During Ice Formation in the Beaufort Gyre of the Canada Basin

加拿大盆地波弗特环流冰形成过程中无机碳和 p CO 2 的变化

• DOI: 10.1029/2019jc015109
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: DeGrandpre, Michael D.;Lai, Chun‐Ze;Timmermans, Mary‐Louise;Krishfield, Richard A.;Proshutinsky, Andrey;Torres, Daniel
• 通讯作者: Torres, Daniel

Time scales of the Greenland Freshwater Anomaly in the Subpolar North Atlantic

北大西洋副极地格陵兰淡水异常的时间尺度

• DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-20-0610.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Climate
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Dukhovskoy, D.S.;Yashayaev, I.;Chassignet, E.P.;Myers, P.G.;Platov, G.;Proshutinsky, A.
• 通讯作者: Proshutinsky, A.

The Arctic

北极

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-22-0082.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: Thoman, Richard L.;Druckenmiller, Matthew L.;Moon, Twila A.;Andreassen, L. M.;Baker, E.;Ballinger, Thomas J.;Berner, Logan T.;Bernhard, Germar H.;Bhatt, Uma S.;Bjerke, Jarle W.
• 通讯作者: Bjerke, Jarle W.

Declining O 2 in the Canada Basin Halocline Consistent With Physical and Biogeochemical Effects of Pacific Summer Water Warming

加拿大盆地盐跃层 O 2 下降与太平洋夏季海水变暖的物理和生物地球化学效应一致

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jc019418
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Arroyo, Ashley;Timmermans, Mary‐Louise;Le Bras, Isabela;Williams, William;Zimmermann, Sarah
• 通讯作者: Zimmermann, Sarah