Examination of Antecedents and Consequences of Business-Government Relationships

企业与政府关系的前因和后果的研究本课题将研究企业与政府之间的关系的来源和影响。几十年来，在许多国家，商业精英在与政治精英建立各种联系方面发挥了积极作用。本项目的主要目标是（1）展示30多年来世界上许多国家的上市公司如何雇用有政治关系的个人作为其领导人的一般模式，包括高层管理团队和董事会;（2）研究外部环境造成的一个重要前因--金融危机--批判性地塑造公司政治联系的形成和解体，以及（3）在每个国家，研究大型上市公司政治联系的变化对同一国家中小企业经济成果的影响;包括新成立的公司或当地企业的出现，将从以下方面研究企业与政府关系的前因后果。将利用最近开发的文本分析信息技术，分析和综合从现有数据和媒体报道中获得的信息，以建立一个大型数据库，其中包括多个国家最大上市公司的董事会和高层管理人员的政治联系。其中一项研究将提供广泛和深入的文件，说明政治联系随时间变化的动态模式以及不同国家的地理分布。第二组分析将调查金融危机对顶级上市公司雇用政治关系领导人的影响。将进行各种计量经济学分析，以确定金融危机对企业政治关系的因果影响。第三组分析将侧重于每个国家的公司规模分布如何随着顶级上市公司政治关系的变化而变化。该项目将促进商业组织和政治经济学的奖学金，特别是关于企业建立政治联系的过程。这也将推进研究的见解，如何多国的制度环境施加不同的影响，形成和解散的政治联系。最后，研究金融危机以及为应对金融危机而采取的不同公共政策，对经济和政治权力的共同关联--企业政治关联的演变产生了怎样的影响。该奖项体现了NSF的法定使命，通过基金会的学术价值和更广泛的影响评价标准，被认为值得支持。

Examination of Antecedents and Consequences of Business-Government RelationshipsThis project will study the source and effects of the connections between businesses and governments. Business elites have played an active role in building various types of connections with political elites for decades in many countries. The primary goal of this project is to (1) demonstrate general patterns of how publicly listed firms, across a large number of countries in the world for over 30 years, hired politically connected individuals as their leaders, including top management team and board of directors; (2) examine how a key antecedent created by the external environment -- financial crises -- critically shape the formation and dissolution of firms' political connections, and (3) in each country, study the consequences of changing political connections of large publicly listed firms on the economic outcomes of small and medium-sized firms in the same country; including the emergence of young and new firms or local entrepreneurship.Antecedents and consequences of business-government relationships will be studied in the following ways. Recently developed information technologies in text analysis will be utilized to analyze and synthesize the information obtained from existing data and media coverage to build a large database of politically connected boards of directors and top managers of the largest publicly listed firms in multiple countries over time. One study will provide extensive and in-depth documentation of both the dynamic patterns of changes to political connections over time and the geographic distribution across different countries. The second set of analyses will investigate the effect of financial crises on the hiring of politically connected leaders by top listed firms. Various econometric analyses will be conducted in order to identify the causal effect of financial crises on corporate political connections. The third set of analyses will focus on how the distribution of firm size in each country change in association with changes to top listed firms' political connections. The project will advance scholarship in business organizations and political economy, particularly regarding the process through which businesses build political connections. It will also advance the research insights on how multi-country institutional contexts exert different influence on the formation and dissolution of political connections. Lastly, the study will draw attention to how financial crises and how different public policies employed in response to financial crises affect the evolution of corporate political connections, a common way in which economic and political power become connected.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.