Superdeep Diamonds from the Transition Zone and Lower Mantle

来自过渡带和下地幔的超深钻石

• 批准号: 1853521
• 负责人: Steven Jacobsen
• 金额: $ 43.52万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-01 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1853521&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Superdeep; Diamonds; Transition; Zone; Lower

Diamond is a remarkable material for its ultimate physical properties and technological applications. Natural diamonds also reveal physical and chemical processes in the Earth's deep mantle from where there are few direct samples. Mineral inclusions in diamond reflect reactions involving high pressure, high temperature, fluids, melts, and dynamic interactions between the Earth's surface and interior. This project will support technological development to investigate tiny mineral inclusions in diamonds. A new suite of more than 150 diamonds of deep origin, which formed at depths greater than 410 km in the transition zone and the lower mantle, will be investigated. 3D imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy of the hosted inclusions will be carried out at national X-ray and infrared facilities. Up to a thousand micro-mineral inclusions will be identified and characterized by fast, high-throughput methods. Results of this research will improve our understanding of the mineral diversity in the Earth's interior, with special focus on water and hydrous phases. The goal is to reveal the mechanisms by which water recycles between the crust and mantle through plate tectonics, a process at the origin of numerous natural hazards. This project will foster collaboration with two local high-school teachers to introduce a geophysics curriculum to their physics courses. It will also promote the training of several graduate students for future careers in academia, federal agencies, industry, and the national laboratories. The high strength and stability of diamond make it a perfect vessel for transporting minerals and geochemical information from the deep mantle to the surface as part of the crust-mantle carbon cycle. This study will examine a new suite of superdeep diamonds from Juina, Brazil, which host mineral inclusions from the transition zone and lower mantle. One of the major challenges pertains to determining the depth origin of the diamonds which often lack a complete suite of mineral inclusions to pinpoint their formation conditions. Up to a thousand inclusions will be analyzed potentially promoting the discovery of new mineral phases and providing information about how deeply water is transported into the mantle. New micro-analysis techniques will increase the rate and decrease the size of inclusions that can be studied, thus broadening the database of mantle mineralogy. Spectroscopic methods will probe various types of atomic-scale defects in diamonds as tracers for their depth of origin. Separately, the sound velocity of diamond will be measured at high pressure in all directions of the structure to determine diamond elastic properties. This will improve the geophysical modeling of seismic wave velocity in the deep, crustal roots below continents. Other experiments will examine the decompression behavior of hydrous minerals at upper mantle temperatures to elucidate diamond ascent pathways. Ultimately this research will improve and potentially modify the textbook picture of the structure and dynamics of Earth's interior.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

钻石是其最终物理特性和技术应用的非凡材料。天然钻石还揭示了几乎没有直接样品的地球深地幔中的物理和化学过程。钻石中的矿物质夹杂物反映了涉及高压，高温，液体，熔体以及地球表面与内部之间的动态相互作用的反应。该项目将支持技术发展，以调查钻石中的微小矿物质夹杂物。将研究一套由150多个钻石组成的新套件，在过渡区和下地幔大于410 km的深度形成。托管夹杂物的3D成像，衍射和光谱将在国家X射线和红外设施进行。多达一千个微型矿物包裹物将通过快速，高通量方法来识别和表征。这项研究的结果将提高我们对地球内部矿物多样性的理解，特别关注水和含水阶段。目的是揭示通过板块构造的水在地壳和地幔之间回收的机制，这是许多自然灾害起源的过程。该项目将与两位当地高中老师合作，​​向其物理课程介绍地球物理课程。它还将促进对学术界，联邦机构，工业和国家实验室的未来职业的几位研究生的培训。 钻石的高强度和稳定性使其成为将矿物质和地球化学信息从深幔转移到表面的理想容器，这是地壳壳碳循环的一部分。这项研究将检查来自巴西朱纳（Juina）的新型Superdeep Diamonds，该钻石载有过渡区和下地幔的矿物质夹杂物。主要挑战之一与确定钻石的深度起源有关，钻石通常缺乏完整的矿物包含物来确定其形成条件。将分析多达一千个夹杂物，以促进新矿物相的发现，并提供有关将水的深层运输到地幔中的信息。新的微型分析技术将增加可以研究的夹杂物的速率并降低夹杂物的大小，从而扩大地幔矿物学数据库。光谱法将探测钻石中各种类型的原子级缺陷，作为其起源深度的示踪剂。另外，钻石的声速将在结构的所有方向上的高压下测量，以确定钻石弹性特性。这将改善在大陆以下深层的地壳根中地震波速度的地球物理模型。其他实验将检查上地幔温度下液压矿物的减压行为，以阐明钻石上升途径。最终，这项研究将改善并有潜在地修改地球内部结构和动态的教科书图片。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

High-pressure phase transitions of clinoenstatite

• DOI: 10.2138/am-2019-6740
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: American Mineralogist
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: J. Lazarz;P. Dera;Y. Hu;Y. Meng;C. Bina;S. Jacobsen

Raman spectroscopy study of C-O-H-N speciation in reduced basaltic glasses: Implications for reduced planetary mantles

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2019.08.029
• 发表时间: 2019-11-15
• 期刊: GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Dalou, Celia;Hirschmann, Marc M.;Le Losq, Charles
• 通讯作者: Le Losq, Charles

Ringwoodite and zirconia inclusions indicate downward travel of super-deep diamonds

尖晶橄榄石和氧化锆内含物表明超深钻石的向下移动

• DOI: 10.1130/g50111.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Lorenzon, Sofia;Novella, Davide;Nimis, Paolo;Jacobsen, Steven D.;Thomassot, Emilie;Pamato, Martha G.;Prosperi, Loredana;Lorenzetti, Alessandra;Alvaro, Matteo;Brenker, Frank
• 通讯作者: Brenker, Frank

Goldschmidtite, (K,REE,Sr)(Nb,Cr)O3: A new perovskite supergroup mineral found in diamond from Koffiefontein, South Africa

Goldschmidtite，(K,REE,Sr)(Nb,Cr)O3：在产自南非 Koffiefontein 的钻石中发现的一种新的钙钛矿超群矿物

• DOI: 10.2138/am-2019-6937
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: American Mineralogist
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Meyer, Nicole A.;Wenz, Michelle D.;Walsh, James P.S.;Jacobsen, Steven D.;Locock, Andrew J.;Harris, Jeffrey W.
• 通讯作者: Harris, Jeffrey W.

Extreme redox variations in a superdeep diamond from a subducted slab

俯冲板片中超深钻石的极端氧化还原变化

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05392-8
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Nestola, Fabrizio;Regier, Margo E.;Luth, Robert W.;Pearson, D. Graham;Stachel, Thomas;McCammon, Catherine;Wenz, Michelle D.;Jacobsen, Steven D.;Anzolini, Chiara;Bindi, Luca
• 通讯作者: Bindi, Luca