Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Processes of Coalescence and Colonialism

亚利桑那大学的研究人员和沙漠考古公司的合作者将收集数据，以了解融合和殖民主义的社会过程之间的关系。以前对这两个过程的研究都试图理解通过融合或殖民主义创建的社区如何维持社会凝聚力，无论是在多元社区内部还是在不同社会格局中的社区之间。在大范围内，联合和殖民主义的主要影响之一是将社区聚集在一个经济相互依存的网络中，无论是在平等的基础上还是在不平等的关系中。在世界许多地区，特别是在北美，融合是塑造欧洲殖民者融入其中的社会格局的关键过程。这些联合社会中的经济关系的组织可能已经成为随后的殖民遭遇所创造的经济关系的模式。然而，这些过程之间的关系一直没有得到充分的研究。欧洲殖民主义下的经济组织在多大程度上依赖于通过联合建立的美洲原住民社区之间的现有关系？欧洲殖民主义在多大程度上重新调整了这些现有的关系？了解这些过程的功能对于了解美国现代美洲原住民社区的历史具有广泛的相关性，特别是在美国西南部、五大湖和东南部地区。这项研究的结果也更普遍地适用于理解经济相互依存如何促进社区之间的合作，并帮助管理在高度多样化的社区中遇到的一些社会挑战。研究人员将探索美洲殖民前合并和早期殖民主义之间的关系，特别是这两个过程对经济组织的影响。这项研究将集中在新墨西哥州从合并时期(公元1300-1598)到西班牙早期殖民主义时期(公元1598-1700)的区域经济组织的连续性和变化程度。数据将从整个新墨西哥州中部的里奥格兰德山谷的考古遗址收集。这种数据收集是必要的，以填补现有考古文献中的地理空白，从而更全面地了解新墨西哥州格兰德河各社区之间的经济关系。研究人员将汇编来自三条证据的现有数据，以评估与陶瓷生产相关的不同规模和类型的经济互动。研究人员将通过对陶瓷质地的岩相学分析和对铅釉涂料的同位素分析来收集新的数据，以帮助填补现有数据覆盖范围中的地理空白。将使用网络分析来分析数据，并将促进证据线之间的比较，并提供一种在更大范围内理解复杂关系集的方法。研究人员将为考古网络分析区域相互作用创造新的方法。研究人员还将扩展现有的联合网络分析，以帮助评估殖民主义的社会后果。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The researchers, at the University of Arizona and collaborators at Desert Archaeology, Inc., will collect data to understand the relationship between the social processes of coalescence and colonialism. Previous research on both of these processes has tried to understand how the communities created through either coalescence or colonialism maintained social cohesion, both within pluralistic communities and between communities in a diverse social landscape. At large scales, one of the primary impacts of both coalescence and colonialism was to draw communities together in a web of economic interdependence, whether on equal footing or in unequal relationships. In many parts of the world, and particularly in North America, coalescence was a key process shaping the social landscape into which European colonists inserted themselves. The organization of economic relationships in these coalescent societies may have served as a pattern for the economic relationships created by the subsequent colonial encounter. However, the relationship between these processes has been understudied. How much did economic organization under European colonialism rely on existing relationships among Native American communities created through coalescence? To what degree did European colonialism reconfigure these existing relationships? Understanding the functioning of these processes is broadly relevant to understanding the history of modern Native American communities in the United States, particularly in the U.S. Southwest, Great Lakes, and Southeastern regions. The results of this research are also applicable more generally to understanding how economic interdependence can foster cooperation between communities and help manage some of the social challenges encountered in highly diverse communities. The researchers will explore the relationship between pre-colonial coalescence and early colonialism in the Americas, particularly the impact of both processes on economic organization. This research will focus on the degree of continuity and change in the organization of the regional economy of New Mexico from a period of coalescence (A.D.1300-1598) into the period of early Spanish colonialism (A.D.1598-1700). Data will be collected from archaeological sites dating to this period throughout the Rio Grande valley of central New Mexico. This data collection is necessary to fill geographic gaps in the existing archaeological literature and therefore give a more complete picture of economic relationships between communities throughout the Rio Grande in New Mexico. The researchers will compile existing data from three lines of evidence to evaluate different scales and types of economic interaction related to the production of ceramics. The researchers will collect new data through petrographic analysis of ceramic tempers and isotopic analysis of lead glaze paints to help fill geographic gaps in the coverage of the existing data. Network analysis will be use used to analyze the data and will both facilitate comparison between the lines of evidence and provide a methodology for understanding complex sets of relationships at larger scales. The researchers will generate new methodologies for archaeological network analysis of regional interactions. The researchers will also expand on existing network analyses of coalescence to also help evaluate the social consequences of colonialism.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.