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Breed early, breed late? Molecular, neuroendocrine, and developmental mechanisms regulating timing of reproduction

早繁殖、晚繁殖？

基本信息

批准号：
1856423
负责人：
Adam Fudickar
金额：
$ 116.71万
依托单位：
Indiana University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-10-01 至 2024-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1856423&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Breed early breed late Molecular

项目摘要

Change is and always has been constant in nature. The likelihood that species will persist, expand, or go extinct depends on their ability to employ environmental information to accurately time life-history transitions. To succeed, species need to reproduce at times of the year that are favorable for rearing offspring. In a rapidly changing environment, the level of flexibility in the mechanisms that determine when animals reproduce will play a critical role in determining population-level resilience. The research will employ cutting edge technology and experimental approaches to identify the mechanisms (molecular, neuroendocrine, and developmental) that determine when animals breed. In addition, to understanding the mechanisms that determine when animals breed in changing environments, the project will also provide education and outreach opportunities to engage communities in the conservation of migratory birds on a local to global scale.Research that integrates mechanism and function in eco-evolutionary contexts holds great promise for understanding the direction and dynamics of change in living systems. The research will synthesize the mechanisms that lead to within- and among-population differences in the timing of reproductive development. Basic insights will be provided to the fields of seasonality, neuroendocrinology, and phenotypic flexibility. The research will make use of striking differences in timing of reproduction in closely related, seasonally sympatric populations of a sparrow, the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). The junco is a species that consists of an array of migratory and resident populations known to co-occur during winter and early spring when they are exposed to the same environmental cues (e.g., day length, temperature). Despite exposure to the same environmental cues in winter and early spring, some populations delay reproduction to migrate, while others do not. This project will use seasonally sympatric juncos to 1) Achieve a deeper understanding of how genetic and epigenetic variation are translated into phenotypic variation in reproductive timing by determining the relative importance of variation in gene expression and gene sequences. 2) Test the hypothesis that, contrary to traditional models of timing, dynamic feedback from the reproductive axis plays a critical role in timing reproduction. 3) Test experimentally the hypothesis that day length experienced during development sets the day length at which reproduction begins in adults. In addition, to understanding the mechanisms that determine the migratory and reproductive timing of junco species, the project will also provide education and outreach opportunities to engage communities in the conservation of migratory birds on a local to global scale, by engaging the trainees on the project with citizen scientists. The education and outreach opportunities will be accomplished in the field and via established outreach activities with local schools.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

自然界的变化一直是恒定的。物种持续存在、扩张或灭绝的可能性取决于它们利用环境信息准确确定生命史转变时间的能力。为了成功，物种需要在一年中有利于养育后代的时间繁殖。在一个快速变化的环境中，决定动物何时繁殖的机制的灵活性水平将在决定种群层面的复原力方面发挥关键作用。该研究将采用尖端技术和实验方法来确定决定动物何时繁殖的机制（分子，神经内分泌和发育）。此外，为了了解动物在不断变化的环境中繁殖的机制，该项目还将提供教育和宣传机会，让社区参与到从地方到全球范围的候鸟保护工作中来。将生态进化背景下的机制和功能相结合的研究，对了解生命系统变化的方向和动力有很大的希望。这项研究将综合导致生殖发育时间的群体内和群体外差异的机制。基本的见解将提供给季节性，神经内分泌学和表型的灵活性领域。这项研究将利用密切相关的，季节性同域分布的麻雀，黑眼junco（Junco hyemalis）种群在繁殖时间上的显着差异。junco是一个物种，由一系列迁徙和居住种群组成，已知它们在冬季和早春暴露于相同的环境线索（例如，日长、温度）。尽管在冬季和早春暴露于相同的环境线索，一些种群推迟繁殖迁移，而另一些则没有。该项目将使用季节性同域的容科斯1）通过确定基因表达和基因序列变异的相对重要性，深入了解遗传和表观遗传变异如何转化为生殖时间表型变异。2)检验这一假设，即与传统的时间模型相反，来自生殖轴的动态反馈在时间生殖中起着关键作用。3)通过实验检验这一假设，即发育过程中经历的日长决定了成虫开始繁殖的日长。此外，为了了解决定junco物种迁徙和繁殖时间的机制，该项目还将提供教育和外联机会，通过让项目的受训人员与公民科学家一起参与，使社区参与地方到全球范围的候鸟保护工作。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。