RAPID: Are short-lived storm surge events the key sources of long-term saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers impacted by tropical cyclone activity?

RAPID：短期风暴潮事件是受热带气旋活动影响的沿海含水层长期盐水入侵的主要来源吗？

• 批准号: 1902385
• 负责人: Alex Manda
• 金额: $ 4.5万
• 依托单位: East Carolina University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-15 至 2019-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1902385&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; short; lived; storm; surge

The hypothesis of this RAPID project is that hurricane activity is the cause of a long-term saltwater intrusion into the coastal aquifer. There has been numerous hurricane activity on the US east coast that has disrupted the terrestrial hydrological system. One of this is storm surge following a hurricane. Basically, the storm surge results in water ponding on the land surface and the saltwater enters into the surface water storage as well as soil and groundwater by infiltration. In this project the PI and his team will use ground and surface water data for quantity, salinity and soil moisture information along with information of soluble salts in the soil to estimate saltwater intrusion in the fields. The methods will be based on field observations, analysis and numerical models. The presence of salinity is harmful to society - salinity in the soil results in lower agricultural productivity and salinity in the groundwater may contaminate household drinking water supplies. This work will be carried out along with extension personnel in North Carolina.Storm surge resulting from hurricane activity results in infiltration of saline water that displaces the fresh groundwater and causes salinity of the soil and water table. There have been previous studies on impact of storm surge on groundwater, but this proposal goes further by quantifying the continuous high frequency variability of the solutes - specifically the decay over a course of over six months in the terrestrial surface and subsurface hydrologic system. The groundwater monitoring will be carried out using salinity measurements and water level loggers at a series of shallow intermediate and deep depths; surface water ? salinity loggers and water level depths and various solute measurements by using samples for the soil. The modeling system will use a combination of a one-dimensional analytical solution and the modeling package visual MODFLOW. The decay of the solutes will occur slowly after the recession of the storm surge and will continue for a period over months. The data generated in this study will be applicable for other locations in United States and globally.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个快速项目的假设是，飓风活动是海水长期侵入沿海含水层的原因。美国东海岸有许多飓风活动，扰乱了陆地水文系统。其中之一是飓风后的风暴潮。基本上，风暴潮导致陆地表面积水，盐水通过渗透进入地表水储存以及土壤和地下水。在这个项目中，PI和他的团队将使用地下水和地表水数据的数量，盐度和土壤水分信息沿着与土壤中可溶性盐的信息，以估计盐水入侵的领域。这些方法将以实地观察、分析和数值模型为基础。盐分的存在对社会有害----土壤中的盐分导致农业生产力降低，地下水中的盐分可能污染家庭饮用水供应。这项工作将与北卡罗来纳州的推广人员一起沿着进行。飓风活动导致的风暴潮导致盐水的渗透，取代了新鲜的地下水，并导致土壤和地下水位的盐碱化。以前曾有过关于风暴潮对地下水影响的研究，但这一建议更进一步，量化了溶质的连续高频变异性-特别是陆地表面和地下水文系统中六个多月的衰减。地下水监测将使用盐度测量和水位记录仪在一系列浅、中、深深度进行;地表水？盐度记录仪和水位深度和各种溶质测量使用的土壤样品。建模系统将使用一维解析解和可视化建模包MODFLOW的组合。溶质的衰减将在风暴潮消退后缓慢发生，并将持续数月。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。