Global Economic Influences and Local Labor Relations in the Reorganization of an Agro-Industrial Center

蓬勃发展的切花生产是奈瓦沙湖社会生态系统（SES）变化的驱动力。新项目B3的重点是农工综合体，旨在探索全球经济影响、当地社会动态及其对当地社会经济地位的复原力和重组的影响之间的纠缠。关于研究单位的总体概念框架，项目B3的挑战固有的“空间修复”的SES的方法，将视图扩展到两个方向：第一，领土的SES和弹性概念将严格评估采取多标量的角度来看，在更广泛的空间背景下，查看本地局限的系统。其次，该项目将明确关注全球影响所带来的社会动态，从而解决当地社会经济地位的社会方面和耦合效应。该项目分为两个部分，将切花业作为全球和地方进程之间的衔接点。地域贡献（A部分）侧重于花卉生产和营销的全球价值链。A部分的关键问题是全球价值链如何影响奈瓦沙的地方进程。指导性问题针对三个问题：（1）全球价值链的治理结构（经济行为者和驱动因素的作用、体制设置、标准）;（2）全球价值链对奈瓦沙切花种植的直接影响（即，农场组织、专业化过程、生产）;以及（3）花卉农场与其社会经济环境之间的功能关系和相互作用（即，大农场和小农之间的正式和非正式安排、土地和水的竞争、知识转让）。花卉业工人的高度动态社会组织将是人类学研究的重点（B部分）。B部分的关键问题是，花卉业的劳动者如何建立新的社会组织模式，这种社会组织模式以雇佣劳动为中心，与一个行业（也许是单一雇主）有着密切的联系，以及与工业就业和城市（或准城市）定居有关的社会组织模式，即工业无产阶级在多大程度上出现。指导性问题涉及三个主要问题：（1）劳动组织，包括最近成立的工会;（2）其对家庭经济，社区建设和新定居点的社会动态的影响，例如关于越来越重要的作用，（原教旨主义）教会和以基库尤为首的蒙吉基教派，还是民族分裂的作用;（3）奈瓦沙的劳动力动态与该国其他地区的社会和经济进程之间的跨地区联系，例如关于广泛的家庭网络。

The booming cut flower production is a driver of change in the social-ecological system (SES) of Lake Naivasha. The new project B3 focuses on the agro-industrial complex with the aim to explore the entanglements between global economic influences, local social dynamics, and their impacts on resilience and reorganization of the local SES. With regard to the overarching conceptual framework of the research unit, project B3 challenges the inherent ‘spatial fix’ of SES-approaches by extending the view into two directions: First, the territoriality of SES and resilience concepts will be critically assessed by taking a multi-scalar perspective that views locally confined systems in wider spatial contexts. Secondly, the project will address the social aspects and coupling effects of the local SES by explicitly focusing on social dynamics as a consequence of global influences. The project is organized into two parts that take the cut flower industry as the place of articulation between global and local processes. The geographical contribution (part A) focusses on the global value chain (GVC) of flower production and marketing. The key question of part A is how the GVC influences local processes in Naivasha. The guiding questions aim at three issues: (1) the governance structure of the GVC (role of economic actors and drivers, institutional setting, standards); (2) the direct impact of the GVC on cut flower farming in Naivasha (i.e., farm organization, specialization processes, production); and (3) the functional relationships and interactions between flower farms and their social-economic environment (i.e., formal and informal arrangements between big farms and smallholders, competition over land and water, knowledge transfer). The highly dynamic social organization of workers in the flower industry will be the focal point of anthropological research (part B). The key question of Part B is how laborers in the flower industry establish new patterns of social organization focused on wage labor with strong ties to one industry (and perhaps single employer), patterns of social organization in respect to industrial employment and urban (or quasi-urban) settlement, i.e. to what extent an industrial proletariat emerges. Guiding questions address three major issues: (1) the organization of labor, including the recent establishment of trade unions; (2) its consequence for household economies, community building, and social dynamics in the new settlements, for example with regard to the increasingly important role of (fundamentalist) churches and the Kikuyu led Mungiki sect, or the role of ethnic divisions; and (3) the translocal connections between the labor dynamics in Naivasha and social and economic processes in other parts of the country, for example with regard to extensive family networks.