Chiral Fluids

非技术摘要：材料科学的创新是由物质组织的新范式的引入所驱动的。这个研究项目涉及研究一种新的液体，当数百万个磁铁-每个磁铁的大小相当于人类头发的一小部分-旋转时形成。这个桌面模型系统是一个新的范例的窗口，位于硬和软凝聚物质的界面，其中材料特性来自驱动器对元流体微观成分的影响。这种流体打破了新的对称性（时间反转），使它们具有本项目中探索的新特性。 技术摘要：虽然已知拓扑物理学可以应用于由旋转组件构建的固体，但时间反演和宇称对称性破缺的物理学在流体中仍然几乎未被开发。该研究小组正在使用一个旋转磁体系统来创建一种内聚手性流体，其流体动力学描述打破了宇称和时间反演对称性。通过旋转其构建模块来激活流体的欺骗性概念简单性隐藏了对其性质的深刻影响。例如，时间反演对称性的破坏被推测会产生新的输运系数，如霍尔或“奇”粘度，这在经典流体的正则处理中是不存在的，但在量子霍尔电子系统和等离子体的理论处理中存在。流体动力学描述的广泛适用性意味着该项目的发现超越了它们所做的具体实验。我们的目标是阐明可压缩和不可压缩的手征流的物理学，一方面产生基本的见解和一个新的工具来设计出平衡的元流体。除了科学进步，该项目还能对学生和本科生进行培训，重点是在尖端研究中代表性不足的少数民族。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Non-technical Abstract:Innovation in materials science is driven by the introduction of new paradigms for the organization of matter. This research project involves the study of a new kind of liquid formed when millions of magnets - each a fraction of a human hair in size - are made to spin. This table-top model system is a window into a new paradigm sitting at the interface of hard and soft condensed matter, in which the material properties emerge from the effect of drive on microscopic constituents of a meta-fluid. Such fluids break new symmetries (time-reversal) enabling them to have new properties which are explored in this project. Technical Abstract:While it is known that topological physics can be applied to solids built out of rotating components, the physics of time-reversal and parity symmetry breaking remains almost untapped in fluids. The research team is using a system of spinning magnets to create a cohesive chiral fluid whose hydrodynamic description breaks parity and time-reversal symmetries. The deceiving conceptual simplicity of activating a fluid by spinning its building blocks hides the deep consequences this has on its properties. For example, the breaking of time-reversal symmetry is speculated to give rise to new transport coefficients, such as Hall or 'Odd' viscosity, that are absent from canonical treatments of classical fluids but present in theoretical treatments of quantum hall electronic systems and plasmas. The broad applicability of hydrodynamic descriptions means that the discoveries in this project transcend the specific experiments in which they are made. The goal is to elucidate the physics of compressible and incompressible chiral flows, yielding fundamental insights on one hand and a new tool to design out-of-equilibrium meta-fluids on the other. Beyond scientific advances, this project enables training of students and undergraduates, with an emphasis on under-represented minorities in cutting-edge research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.