RoL: Collaborative Research: When a pathogen becomes a mutualist: discovery, evolution and rules that govern function and acquisition in wasp-viral symbiosis

RoL：协作研究：当病原体成为共生体：黄蜂病毒共生中控制功能和获取的发现、进化和规则

• 批准号: 1916914
• 负责人: Barbara Sharanowski
• 金额: $ 48.12万
• 依托单位: The University of Central Florida Board of Trustees
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1916914&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RoL; Collaborative; Research; When; pathogen

Recent discoveries have shown that symbiotic relationships of viruses with their hosts are pervasive, confer major benefits to their hosts, and have played a major role in the evolution of life on earth. Understanding how these viral associations evolve is thus essential for a holistic view on the evolution of a broad diversity of organisms. Parasitoid wasps (wasps that grow within and kill other insects) are a natural laboratory for understanding the evolution of viral symbiosis because they are highly diverse and have evolved repeated associations with viruses. These viruses are able to suppress the immune defense mechanisms of the insect hosts that are parasitized by the wasps, enabling the wasps to survive and reproduce. Parasitoid wasps also provide substantial economic benefits to society because they are natural enemies of insect pests that cause damage to forests and agricultural crops. This project investigates the evolution and interactions between one of the most astonishing radiations on Earth (braconid parasitoid wasps, with 19,000 species) and the massive untapped diversity of their symbiotic viruses. The long-term goal is to understand the rules that govern the associations of the viruses, the wasps, and the hosts of the wasps. This research project advances knowledge in several ways: (1) discovery of new biodiversity in two poorly studied areas of the tree of life--viruses and wasps; (2) resolution of the evolutionary history and age of wasp-viral symbioses; (3) discovery of predictive genomic traits for viral symbiosis to understand the rules that govern these interactions; (4) characterization of the function of viruses; and (5) generate publicly available genome data. The proposed work will substantially transform understanding of symbiotic viral evolution, which will provide general information about virus evolution. The researchers will integrate wasp and viral research with education and public outreach by working closely with teachers in local schools and developing new educational resources. Furthermore, the program will improve STEM education and educator development and increase public literacy and engagement in STEM.This project integrates phylogenetic, functional, and genomics approaches to discover the rules that govern mutualistic associations between viruses and wasps and, in turn, the interactions between these parasitoid wasps and their hosts. The overall objectives are to resolve and date the evolutionary relationships of the wasp family Braconidae using new methods of DNA analysis, discover which wasp lineages are associated with mutualistic viruses and the timing of their domestication, determine how viruses affect the antagonistic interactions between the wasps and their hosts, and examine genome features related to viral mutualism. The researchers aim to: (1) Resolve and date deep and shallow nodes for one of the most diverse lineages (19,000 species) on Earth; (2) Discover and characterize the multiple origins of viral symbiosis in Braconidae; and (3) decipher the roles of viral symbionts in the biology of the parasitoid wasps and their hosts. The outreach plan has two main components: 1) Providing research internships in the lab for local K-12 teachers so that they may learn new research techniques that will improve their teaching; and 2) using immersive virtual reality and animation experiences to engage the public and enhance learning in undergraduate education. The researchers will also provide integrated research and training opportunities to underrepresented mentees (2 postdoctoral researchers, 7 undergraduate and 2 graduate students) across the disciplines of phylogenetics, functional and comparative genomics, and revisionary systematics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

最近的发现表明，病毒与宿主的共生关系是无处不在的，给宿主带来了重大好处，并在地球生命的进化中发挥了重要作用。因此，了解这些病毒相关性是如何进化的，对于全面看待各种生物的进化是至关重要的。寄生蜂(在体内生长并杀死其他昆虫的黄蜂)是了解病毒共生进化的天然实验室，因为它们高度多样化，并与病毒反复进化。这些病毒能够抑制被黄蜂寄生的昆虫宿主的免疫防御机制，使黄蜂能够生存和繁殖。寄生蜂还能给社会带来可观的经济效益，因为它们是危害森林和农作物的害虫的天敌。该项目调查了地球上最惊人的辐射之一(有19,000个物种的茧状寄生蜂)与其共生病毒的大量未开发多样性之间的进化和相互作用。长期目标是了解管理病毒、黄蜂和黄蜂宿主之间的联系的规则。这一研究项目以几种方式促进知识的发展：(1)在生命树上两个研究较少的领域--病毒和黄蜂--发现新的生物多样性；(2)解决黄蜂-病毒共生的进化史和年龄；(3)发现病毒共生的预测基因组特征，以了解支配这些相互作用的规则；(4)描述病毒的功能；以及(5)产生公开可用的基因组数据。这项拟议的工作将极大地改变人们对共生病毒进化的理解，这将提供关于病毒进化的一般信息。研究人员将通过与当地学校的教师密切合作，开发新的教育资源，将黄蜂和病毒研究与教育和公共宣传相结合。此外，该项目将改善STEM教育和教育者的发展，提高公众对STEM的识字率和参与度。该项目整合了系统发育、功能和基因组学方法，以发现管理病毒和黄蜂之间的互惠关系的规则，进而管理这些寄生蜂与其宿主之间的相互作用。总的目标是用新的DNA分析方法解决和确定蜂科的进化关系，发现哪些黄蜂谱系与互惠病毒相关及其驯化的时间，确定病毒如何影响黄蜂与其宿主之间的拮抗相互作用，并检查与病毒互惠相关的基因组特征。研究人员的目标是：(1)对地球上最多样化的谱系之一(19,000个物种)的深层和浅部节点进行解析和日期测定；(2)发现和表征蚕科病毒共生的多重来源；以及(3)破译病毒共生体在寄生蜂及其宿主的生物学中的作用。外展计划有两个主要组成部分：1)为当地K-12教师提供实验室研究实习机会，以便他们可以学习新的研究技术，从而改善他们的教学；2)使用身临其境的虚拟现实和动画体验，让公众参与进来，并在本科教育中加强学习。研究人员还将为未被充分代表的学员(2名博士后研究人员，7名本科生和2名研究生)提供综合研究和培训机会，涉及系统发生学、功能基因组学和比较基因组学以及修正系统学等学科。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Phylogenomics of Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) and implications for evolution of mode of parasitism and viral endogenization

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107023
• 发表时间: 2021-01-17
• 期刊: MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Sharanowski，Barbara J.;Ridenbaugh，Ryan D.;Hines，Heather M.
• 通讯作者: Hines，Heather M.

Platylabini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) of the south-eastern United States: new distributional data, taxonomic notes, illustrated keys, and an annotated catalogue of the genera and species

美国东南部的 Platylabini（膜翅目：Ichneumonidae：Ichneumoninae）：新的分布数据、分类注释、插图索引以及属和种的注释目录

• DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2134061
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Natural History
• 影响因子: 0.8
• 作者: Dal Pos, Davide;Heilman, Victoria;Welter-Schultes, Francisco
• 通讯作者: Welter-Schultes, Francisco

Many evolutionary roads led to virus domestication in ichneumonoid parasitoid wasps

许多进化道路导致了姬蜂寄生蜂的病毒驯化

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.12.001
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Current Opinion in Insect Science
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Santos, Bernardo F;Klopfstein, Seraina;Whitfield, James B;Sharanowski, Barbara J
• 通讯作者: Sharanowski, Barbara J