MRI: Development of a Multimodal Instrument for Simultaneous Mechanical and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Measurements of Single Molecules and Molecular Aggregates

威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校（UWM）获得了一个奖项，以支持多模态仪器的开发，用于同时测量单分子和分子聚集体的机械和荧光光谱。该仪器将使分子和细胞生物学、高通量药物筛选和细胞分析以及新生物材料开发领域的前沿研究和教育成为可能。这种新仪器将成为生物物理显微光谱设施的一部分，并将为UWM的几个实验室以及当地，国内和国外的其他机构提供服务。基于他们在STEM中代表性不足的少数民族以及在研究项目中培训研究生，本科生和高中生的良好记录，PI将利用这个项目来教育下一代科学家和工程师。在开发阶段，本科生，研究生和博士后研究人员将参与设计，定制制造，计算机编程和开发新的成像，单分子光谱和数据分析协议。 该项目还将涉及来自密尔沃基地区的初中和高中学生，并将分别用于示范目的和试点数据采集和分析。一旦完成，该设施将提供新的能力，许多早期的职业生涯和高级研究人员的研究计划;它也将发挥重要作用，准备未来的技术扫盲劳动力，通过精心设计的推广计划，以及教学和培训的本科生，研究生和研究生，将在奖励期间及以后运行。新的仪器设计将提供给其他研究人员或有兴趣将这项技术推向市场的美国公司。这里开发的仪器结合了磁镊，这是PI开发的一种技术，用于捕获顺磁珠，并通过福斯特共振能量转移（FRET）和荧光光谱对单个分子和细胞施加机械力，一种由co-PI开发的方法，用于研究具有光谱分辨率的分子和聚集体之间的相互作用。这种混合仪器目前还没有商业化，需要几个劳动密集型的步骤，如设计和制造的定制部件，光学对准和优化，集成的控制软件界面等，这种仪器提出了一些独特的功能。力和荧光光谱的并行实施将允许在机械扰动下测量单分子荧光，其光谱分辨率为约3 nm（在大部分可见光谱上），力分辨率为0.1 pN，在nN范围内，采样时间为小时至天。PI组建的多学科团队非常适合开发和验证这项技术，并结合了精湛的技术专业知识，设施，开发和运行成像设施的经验，以及物理学家，生物学家和其他生命科学家之间的密切合作。该仪器将用于各种研究，这些研究涉及在受控静态或动态力情况下蛋白质之间的横向相互作用以及不同或相同类型的自由扩散分子，例如，研究力诱导的配体结合、折叠中间体、单分子水平的抗体检测、受体-受体缔合和受体-配体相互作用。 该项目由综合活动办公室主要研究仪器计划和分子生物物理学集群在分子和细胞生物科学部共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

An award is made to the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) to support the development of multimodal instrument for simultaneous mechanical and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements of single molecules and molecular aggregates. This instrument will enable cutting-edge research and education in the areas of molecular and cellular biology, high-throughput drug screening and cellular analysis, and development of new biomaterials. This new instrument will be part of the Biophysical Microspectroscopy Facility and will serve several laboratories at UWM, as well as other institutions locally, nationally and abroad. Building on their strong record of involving underrepresented minorities in STEM and training graduate, undergraduate and high school students in their research programs, the PIs will use this project to also educate the next generation of scientists and engineers. During the development phase, undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral researchers will be involved in the design, custom-manufacturing, computer programming, and development of new protocols for imaging, single molecule spectroscopy and for data analysis. This project will also involve middle school and high school students from the Milwaukee area, and will be used for demonstration purposes and for pilot data acquisition and analysis, respectively. Once completed, this facility will provide novel capabilities to the research programs of numerous early-career and senior investigators; it will also play an essential role in preparing the technologically literate workforce of the future, through elaborate outreach programs, as well as teaching and training of undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate students that will run during the award period and beyond. The new instrument design will be made available to other researchers or US companies interested in bringing this technology to market.The instrument developed here combines magnetic tweezers, a technique developed by the PI to trap paramagnetic beads and apply mechanical forces to single molecules and cells with Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence spectroscopy, a method developed by the co-PI to study interactions between molecules and aggregates with spectral resolution. Such a hybrid instrument is not currently commercially available and will require several labor-intensive steps, such as design and fabrication of custom parts, optical alignment and optimization, an integrated control software interface, etc. This instrument presents some unique features. The parallel implementation of force and fluorescence spectroscopy will allow measurements of single-molecule fluorescence with spectral resolution of about 3 nm (over most of the visible spectrum) under mechanical perturbation with a force resolution of 0.1 pN up in the nN range and over hour-to-days sampling times. The multidisciplinary team assembled by the PI is ideally suited to develop and validate this technology, and combines exquisite technical expertise, facilities, experience with developing and running an imaging facility, and close collaborations between physicists, biologists and other life scientists. The instrument will be used for a variety of research studies that involve lateral interactions between proteins under controlled static or dynamic force situations and freely diffusing molecules of a different or the same type, e.g., to study force-induced ligand binding, folding intermediates, antibody detection at single molecule level, receptor-receptor association, and receptor-ligand interactions. The project is jointly funded by the Office of Integrative Activities Major Research Instrumentation Program and the Molecular Biophysics Cluster in the Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.