Workshop: Historical and Social Perspectives on the Life Sciences Concerning Life and Death: Naples, Italy, June 23-30, 2019

该奖项为国际讲习班提供部分支持；它为来自美国的10名个人提供资金，参加将于2019年6月在意大利那不勒斯动物站举行的国际住宅合作研讨会。本次研讨会的主题是“生与死”，与会人员将从六个方面对主题进行深入讨论，从早期现代关于生命的概念到世界各地试图探索当代科学技术极限的最新研究项目。参加研讨会的教师人数不超过10人，学生人数不超过25人；该基金将资助来自美国学术机构的4名教师和6名研究生或博士后。研讨会的主题是“生与死”，与欧洲传统思想家提出的关于生命体的功能和目的的基本问题的方式有关。这是生物学历史上的一个重要课题，它与社会学、技术和伦理学等相关问题密切相关。讲习班的目的之一是使与会者熟悉不同的科学思维模式，无论是在不同的历史时期，还是在不同的文化和地理区域。使这一主题更加重要的是，生物学家和社会科学家今天正在仔细探索生与死之间的模糊界限，这种界限不仅表现在人体（如医院情况）、疾病的过程、死亡的定义、衰老和法医病理学，而且还表现在细胞水平（如细胞再生、干细胞生理学和癌症研究）。同时也改变了关于神学和来世问题的文化观念。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award provides partial support for an international workshop; it provides funds for ten individuals from the US to participate in an international residential collaborative workshop that is to be held in Naples Zoological Station, Italy, in June 2019. The workshop theme is "Life and Death," and all participants are expected to discuss in depth six aspects of the theme, moving from early notions about living beings in the Early Modern period to the latest research programs around the world that are attempting to probe the limits of contemporary science and technology. The total number of faculty at the workshop is limited to ten and student participants to twenty-five; the grant will support four faculty members and six graduate students or post-doctoral fellows from US academic institutions.The workshop theme, "Life and Death," engages with the way that thinkers in the European tradition have asked fundamental questions about the function and purpose of the living body. It is an important topic in the history of biology, and it connects closely with related issues in sociology, technology, and ethics. One aim of the workshop is to familiarize participants with different modes of scientific thought, both across historical time and in different cultures and geographical regions. Additional importance to the theme derives from the fact that biologists and social scientists today are carefully exploring the ambiguous boundary between life and death as expressed not only in the human body, as in hospital situations, the course of diseases, the definition of death, ageing, and forensic pathology, but also on the cellular level, in cell rejuvenation, stem cell physiology, and cancer research, as well as in changing cultural ideas about theology and the question of an afterlife.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.