SBP: Faculty Work-Life Boundary Management, Inclusion, and Women's Career Well-being in the Always-On Workplace: A National Survey

对美国员工来说，越来越多的人通过科技（如智能手机、电脑）与工作联系在一起是一个关键问题。这一趋势助长了24-7“永远在线”的工作文化，模糊了工作与生活的界限，即工作与个人生活领域的分离。对于女性和任何有家庭需求的员工来说，工作与生活的界限可能更容易渗透，从而导致工作与非工作压力和幸福感下降。然而，工作与生活的界限问题并没有被很好地理解为性别职业平等和包容问题，这可能会限制女性在男性失衡的STEM学科中的代表性。该项目连接了工作生活、多样性和性别领域，以促进对工作生活包容性气候和实践如何影响女教师职业福祉的了解。该项目将工作-生活包容性气候定义为人们在工作中不牺牲非工作身份的情况下，将工作和非工作角色结合在一起，并认为自己完全属于并茁壮成长的程度。该项目将有助于制定工作场所政策，不仅在大学和STEM/非STEM学科，而且在整个美国社会的工作场所促进有效的边界管理。该项目将确定当前的边界管理实践和挑战，如何衡量工作与生活的包容性气候，并为女性的工作与生活经历和职业幸福感提供新的见解。项目目标是1)确定工作-生活包容性气候的特征以及工作-生活边界管理实践在女性和男性的职业经历中所起的作用，2)对比大学、STEM/非STEM学科和部门对男性和女性的包容性、边界管理经验和职业福祉的影响。该项目包括多来源、多方法、多层次的数据。一项基于对40名大学领导和教师的访谈的定性研究将用于帮助开发一项针对美国一级公立研究型大学700-1,000名教师的全国性调查。定性数据将使用扎根理论常数比较法进行分析。定量数据将使用聚类设计的标准一般线性和混合模型方法进行分析，以检测群体差异（例如，性别，家庭人口统计，STEM/非STEM学科，工作角色，大学）在边界管理，包容性和教师职业观念之间的关系。它将确定工作生活包容性气候的特征，个人和部门使用的边界管理实践的范围，以及这些在美国大学STEM和非STEM背景下男性和女性之间的差异。研究结果将有助于组织科学，了解边界管理模糊实践与工作生活包容性气候、性别和职业成果之间的关系。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Increased tethering to work via technology (e.g., smartphones, computers) is a critical issue for U.S. employees. This trend has fueled 24-7 "always-on" work cultures, contributing to blurring work-life boundaries, defined as the separation between work and personal life domains. Work-life boundaries may be more permeable for women, and any worker with family demands, causing work-nonwork stress and lower well-being. Yet the issue of work-life boundaries is not well understood as a gender career equality and inclusion issue, which may be limiting the representation of women in male-imbalanced STEM disciplines. This project bridges the work-life, diversity, and gender fields to advance knowledge on how work-life inclusive climates and practices influence women faculty's career well-being. The project defines a work-life inclusive climate as the degree that people perceive that they entirely belong and thrive while incorporating work and nonwork roles in ways that do not sacrifice their nonwork identities while performing their jobs. The project will help to frame workplace policies promoting effective boundary management in not only universities and STEM/non-STEM disciplines, but workplaces across U. S. society. This project will identify current boundary management practices and challenges, how to measure work-life inclusive climates and provide new insights into women's work-life experiences and career well-being. Project objectives are 1) to identify the characteristics of work-life inclusive climates and the role that work-life boundary management practices play in the career experiences of women and men, and 2) to contrast university, STEM/non-STEM disciplinary and departmental influences on men and women's inclusion, boundary management experiences, and career well-being. The project includes multi-source, multi-method, multi-level data. A qualitative study based on interviews with 40 university leaders and faculty will be used to help develop a national survey of 700-1,000 faculty in Tier 1 U.S. public research universities. Qualitative data will be analyzed using the grounded theory constant comparative method. Quantitative data will be analyzed using standard general linear and mixed-model approaches for clustered designs to detect group differences (e.g., gender, family demography, STEM/non-STEM disciplines, job role, universities) in the relationships between boundary management, inclusion, and faculty career perceptions. It will identify the characteristics of work-life inclusive climates, the range of boundary management practices in use by individuals and departments, and how these vary between men and women in STEM and non-STEM contexts across U.S. universities. Findings will contribute to organizational science regarding the ways in which boundary management blurring practices relate to work-life inclusive climates, gender, and career outcomes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.