CNH2: Socio-Ecological Feedbacks of Marine Protected Areas: Dynamics of Small-Scale Fishing Communities and Inshore Marine Ecosystems

CNH2：海洋保护区的社会生态反馈：小型渔业社区和近海海洋生态系统的动态

• 批准号: 1923707
• 负责人: Merrill Baker-Medard
• 金额: $ 60.23万
• 依托单位: Middlebury College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1923707&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH2; Socio; Ecological; Feedbacks; Marine

This project is jointly funded by Dynamics of Integrated Socio-Environmental Systems (CNH2), and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).Marine protected areas can help recover a region's marine biodiversity and fisheries resources. However, establishing effective protected areas remains a challenge both ecologically and socially. In most marine systems, basic patterns and interactions between biological and social variables remain poorly understood. This project develops a systems-based model that spans multiple disciplines, including conservation biology, sociology, and political science, to holistically evaluate marine protected area effectiveness. Oriented towards building a framework to quantify and qualify feedbacks within reef-based, marine, socio-ecological systems, this project focuses on the reciprocal interactions between ecological dynamics, marine conservation strategies, and fishing practices in coastal Madagascar, an island in the process of tripling its marine protected area network. This research examines differences in the marine species richness, abundance, and biomass of a suite of marine organisms between protected areas and control sites. It also draws on both qualitative and quantitative social data to evaluate harvest practices, as well as fishers' perceptions of and participation in marine protected area management. This project contributes broadly to the fields of marine conservation and political ecology and, more specifically, to the literature on protected areas as a fisheries management tool. It also addresses community-based conservation and the role of gender in natural resource management. Using a holistic analysis that is attentive to gender, class, and race dynamics within a community, this research explores the relationship between community engagement and the abundance and diversity of fish species within each marine protected area. As a corollary, this research explores the relationship between community engagement and the proportion of shorter-ranging (vs. longer-ranging) marine species fished by a community. This will be the first such study to examine these relationships in tandem. Broader impacts of the work include development of a coupled socio-ecological model of how different levels of community engagement, different marine harvest targets, and modes of harvest influence the ecological effect of marine protected areas and vice versa. It also includes international collaboration with institutions and faculty and students at a university in Madagascar to cultivate relationships between American and Malagasy students, researchers, and key US-based international conservation organizations working to improve marine conservation globally. It will also contribute to the growing body of applied scholarship investigating the link between conservation management strategies and socio-ecological outcomes. Due to its focus on local participation, specifically the role of gendered participation in conservation, this research will illuminate ways in which the application of resource-use rules and regulations, as well as conservation strategies, can be more equitable. Other broader impacts include US undergraduate student training in convergent research, and support of three investigators, two of whom are early career and two who are from a gender underrepresented in the sciences at three institutions in two EPSCoR states. Marine protected areas can help recover a region's marine biodiversity and fisheries resources. This work will develop a systems-based model that spans multiple disciplines, including conservation biology, sociology, and political science, to holistically evaluate marine protected area effectiveness. Oriented towards building a framework to quantify and qualify feedbacks within reef-based, marine, socio-ecological systems, this work will investigate the relationship between (a) ecosystem health (fish abundance, diversity, and size); (b) fisheries targets (species and fishing intensity); and (c) community engagement (the proportion and identity of individuals involved in monitoring, enforcing, or decision-making). The work focuses on the reciprocal interactions between the ecosystems, community engagement, and harvest practices associated with small-scale fisheries of Madagascar, an island in the process of tripling its marine protected area network. Drawing on data collected via underwater surveys and quadrat sampling in three regions of the island, including six present marine protected areas and four unprotected control areas, this research compares differences in species richness, relative abundance, and biomass between the two types of areas. The research draws on both qualitative and quantitative social data through semi-structured interviews and randomized surveys of individuals in coastal villages adjacent to each site concerning harvest practices as well as fishers' perceptions of and participation in marine protected area management. Using these data, this research parameterizes a coupled socio-ecological model to explore how different levels of community engagement, different harvest targets, and modes of harvest influence the ecological effect of a marine protected area and vice versa. Due to its unique characteristics, fishing communities in Madagascar form a robust pilot area where there is tight coupling between social and ecological variables. Local communities harvesting marine species are also engaged in marine protected area management and harvest is spatially concentrated in the reef system adjacent to each fishing village. Similarly, Madagascar is an ideal model system, given the wide spectrum of community engagement in marine protected area management. Results of the research will not only illuminate processes associated with marine protected areas in Madagascar, but also the complex dynamics of coupled marine fishery social-ecological systems in general. The project contributes broadly to the fields of marine conservation and political ecology and, more specifically, to the use of protected areas as a fisheries management tool, community-based conservation, and gender and natural resource management. The hypothesis that community engagement is positively correlated with an overall abundance and diversity of fish species within each marine protected area will be examined. In addition, the work will examine whether community engagement is positively correlated with the proportion of shorter-ranging (vs. longer-ranging) marine species fished by a community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目由综合社会环境系统动力学（CNH2）和促进竞争研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）共同资助。海洋保护区可以帮助恢复一个地区的海洋生物多样性和渔业资源。然而，建立有效的保护区仍然是生态和社会的挑战。在大多数海洋系统中，生物和社会变量之间的基本模式和相互作用仍然知之甚少。该项目开发了一个基于系统的模型，该模型涵盖了包括保护生物学、社会学和政治学在内的多个学科，以全面评估海洋保护区的有效性。该项目旨在建立一个框架，以量化和鉴定基于珊瑚礁、海洋和社会生态系统的反馈，重点关注生态动态、海洋保护战略和马达加斯加沿海渔业实践之间的相互作用。马达加斯加是一个正在将其海洋保护区网络扩大两倍的岛屿。本研究考察了保护区和控制区之间海洋生物物种丰富度、丰度和生物量的差异。它还利用定性和定量的社会数据来评估捕捞做法，以及渔民对海洋保护区管理的看法和参与情况。这个项目广泛地促进了海洋养护和政治生态学领域，更具体地说，促进了关于保护区作为渔业管理工具的文献。它还涉及以社区为基础的养护和性别在自然资源管理中的作用。本研究采用整体分析，关注群体内的性别、阶级和种族动态，探讨了群体参与与每个海洋保护区内鱼类物种的丰富度和多样性之间的关系。作为推论，本研究探讨了群落参与与群落捕获的短程（相对于长距离）海洋物种比例之间的关系。这将是第一次将这些关系结合起来进行研究。这项工作的更广泛影响包括建立一个耦合的社会生态模型，说明不同程度的社区参与、不同的海洋捕捞目标和捕捞模式如何影响海洋保护区的生态效应，反之亦然。它还包括与马达加斯加一所大学的机构和教师及学生进行国际合作，以培养美国和马达加斯加学生、研究人员以及致力于改善全球海洋保护的美国主要国际保护组织之间的关系。它还将有助于研究保护管理战略与社会生态结果之间联系的应用学术机构的增长。由于其重点是地方参与，特别是性别参与在保护中的作用，这项研究将阐明资源使用规则和条例以及保护战略的应用可以更加公平的方式。其他更广泛的影响包括美国本科生在融合研究方面的培训，以及对三名研究人员的支持，其中两名是早期职业人员，另外两名来自EPSCoR两个州的三所机构的科学领域的性别代表性不足。海洋保护区可以帮助恢复一个地区的海洋生物多样性和渔业资源。这项工作将开发一个基于系统的模型，该模型跨越多个学科，包括保护生物学、社会学和政治学，以全面评估海洋保护区的有效性。这项工作旨在建立一个框架，以量化和鉴定基于珊瑚礁的海洋社会生态系统内的反馈，这项工作将调查(a)生态系统健康（鱼类丰度、多样性和大小）；(b)渔业目标（品种和捕捞强度）；(c)社区参与（参与监督、执行或决策的个人的比例和身份）。这项工作的重点是与马达加斯加小规模渔业相关的生态系统、社区参与和捕捞实践之间的相互作用。马达加斯加是一个正在将其海洋保护区网络扩大两倍的岛屿。利用水下调查和样方抽样收集的数据，在岛上的三个区域，包括6个现有海洋保护区和4个未受保护的控制区，本研究比较了两种类型区域的物种丰富度、相对丰度和生物量的差异。该研究通过半结构化访谈和随机调查，利用了定性和定量的社会数据，这些调查涉及每个地点附近沿海村庄的个人，涉及捕捞做法以及渔民对海洋保护区管理的看法和参与情况。利用这些数据，本研究参数化了一个耦合的社会生态模型，以探讨不同水平的社区参与、不同的收获目标和收获模式如何影响海洋保护区的生态效应，反之亦然。由于其独特的特点，马达加斯加的渔业社区形成了一个强大的试点地区，在那里社会变量和生态变量之间存在紧密耦合。捕捞海洋物种的当地社区也参与海洋保护区的管理，捕捞在空间上集中在每个渔村附近的珊瑚礁系统。同样，考虑到社区广泛参与海洋保护区管理，马达加斯加是一个理想的模式系统。研究结果不仅将阐明与马达加斯加海洋保护区有关的过程，而且还将阐明一般海洋渔业社会生态系统耦合的复杂动态。该项目广泛有助于海洋养护和政治生态学领域，更具体地说，有助于利用保护区作为渔业管理工具、社区养护、性别和自然资源管理。关于社区参与与每个海洋保护区内鱼类的总体丰度和多样性正相关的假设将被检验。此外，这项工作将检查群落参与是否与一个群落捕捞的短程（相对于长距离）海洋物种的比例呈正相关。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Classed conservation: Socio-economic drivers of participation in marine resource management

分类保护：参与海洋资源管理的社会经济驱动因素

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.06.007
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Environmental Science & Policy
• 影响因子: 6
• 作者: Baker-Médard, Merrill;Gantt, Courtney;White, Easton R.
• 通讯作者: White, Easton R.

Fins and (Mis)fortunes: Managing shark populations for sustainability and food sovereignty

鳍和（不幸）财富：管理鲨鱼种群以实现可持续发展和粮食主权

• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103805
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Marine Policy
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Baker-Médard, Merrill;Faber, Jake
• 通讯作者: Faber, Jake

Gender equity and collaborative care in Madagascar’s locally managed marine areas: reflections on the launch of a fisherwomen’s network

马达加斯加当地管理的海洋区域的性别平等和协作护理：对启动渔民妇女网络的思考

• DOI: 10.5751/es-13959-280226
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Ecology and Society
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Baker-Médard, Merrill;Rakotondrazafy, Vatosoa;Randriamihaja, Marianne;Ratsimbazafy, Prisca;Juarez-Serna, Ivonne
• 通讯作者: Juarez-Serna, Ivonne

Distant water industrial fishing in developing countries: A case study of Madagascar

发展中国家的远洋工业捕捞：马达加斯加的案例研究

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105925
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Ocean & Coastal Management
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: White, Easton R.;Baker-Médard, Merrill;Vakhitova, Valeriia;Farquhar, Samantha;Ramaharitra, Tendro Tondrasoa
• 通讯作者: Ramaharitra, Tendro Tondrasoa