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CAREER: When do mycorrhizal fungi influence plant community dynamics?

职业：菌根真菌何时影响植物群落动态？

基本信息

批准号：
1845544
负责人：
Kabir Peay
金额：
$ 101.27万
依托单位：
Stanford University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1845544&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER When do mycorrhizal fungi

项目摘要

There is a growing recognition that microbial organisms are not simply agents of disease, but play important positive roles in the everyday health of plants and animals. Much of this paradigm change has been driven by the availability of new DNA sequencing technologies that enable accurate quantification of the normally hidden microbial biodiversity. While there has been a great deal of research on the effects of the microbiome on human health, understanding the role of microbial symbiosis in structuring natural ecosystems is a current research frontier in ecology. This project will build on a long-term research program by the investigator who has used DNA based techniques to establish key patterns in the diversity and ecology of one the most common forms of plant-microbe cooperation - mycorrhizal symbiosis. Using this knowledge, the project will determine how mycorrhizal symbiosis affects the diversity, productivity, and composition of natural plant communities. Given that over 90% of all plants engage in mycorrhizal symbiosis, better understanding of these interactions will help scientists and land managers sustain robust and resilient ecosystems. In addition, this project will support development of an integrated teaching and research program to train undergraduates to use publicly available DNA sequence data and citizen science data to build species distribution models for fungi, and then publicly disseminate this information to help inspire public science participation. While molecular tools have finally enabled increasingly accurate description of the diversity and structure of mycorrhizal fungal communities, this new information has not been well integrated with existing theoretical frameworks for plant ecology. This project will use an established research system on mycorrhizal fungi in coastal California as the basis for greenhouse, field, and modeling experiments designed to identify the mechanisms and conditions under which mycorrhizal fungi strongly influence plant species coexistence at local, landscape, and regional scales. This will be carried out through a combination of greenhouse studies that manipulate the presence of mycorrhizal fungi and observe the effects on plant competition, field experiments testing the effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis for organic matter decomposition under different environmental conditions, and simulation modeling to predict the effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis on patterns of vegetation development over large spatial and temporal scales.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人们越来越认识到，微生物不仅是疾病的病原体，而且在动植物的日常健康中发挥着重要的积极作用。这种范式的改变在很大程度上是由新的DNA测序技术的可用性推动的，这些技术能够准确地量化通常隐藏的微生物生物多样性。虽然已经有大量关于微生物群对人类健康的影响的研究，但了解微生物共生在构建自然生态系统中的作用是当前生态学的研究前沿。这个项目将建立在研究人员的长期研究计划的基础上，他使用基于DNA的技术来建立最常见的植物-微生物合作形式之一-菌根共生的多样性和生态的关键模式。利用这些知识，该项目将确定菌根共生如何影响自然植物群落的多样性、生产力和组成。鉴于90%以上的植物参与菌根共生，更好地了解这些相互作用将有助于科学家和土地管理者维持强大和有弹性的生态系统。此外，该项目将支持开发一个整合的教学和研究计划，以培训本科生使用公开可用的DNA序列数据和公民科学数据来建立真菌的物种分布模型，然后公开传播这些信息，以帮助激发公众参与科学。虽然分子工具终于能够越来越准确地描述菌根真菌群落的多样性和结构，但这些新信息还没有很好地与现有的植物生态学理论框架相结合。该项目将利用加州沿海已建立的菌根真菌研究体系作为温室、田间和模拟实验的基础，旨在确定菌根真菌强烈影响当地、景观和区域尺度植物物种共存的机制和条件。这项研究将通过控制菌根真菌的存在和观察对植物竞争的影响的温室研究、实地实验测试不同环境条件下菌根共生对有机物分解的影响以及模拟建模来预测菌根共生对大规模时空范围内植被发展模式的影响来进行。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。