MSA: Dust as an ecosystem driver: determining the ecosystem consequences of cross-system subsidies of nutrients and microorganisms in dusts

MSA：灰尘作为生态系统驱动因素：确定灰尘中营养物质和微生物的跨系统补贴对生态系统的影响

• 批准号: 1926559
• 负责人: Janice Brahney
• 金额: $ 29.99万
• 依托单位: Utah State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1926559&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MSA; Dust; ecosystem; driver; determining

Atmospheric transport of soil (dust) connects distant ecosystems, moving nutrients and organisms across continents and against gravity from lowland areas to mountain wilderness. Dust deposition can influence climate, accelerate snowmelt, affect air and water quality, and have human health consequences. Despite the importance of dusts within the environment, we know very little about the quantity and composition of dusts transported by the atmosphere through time and space. This project will determine where within the western USA dust loading is greatest, examine the composition of collected dusts, and document how nutrients and microorganisms transported in dusts affect aquatic ecosystems in which they are deposited. The results will inform natural resource managers and policymakers on how climate and land-use activities can influence ecosystem services downwind, such as water quality and community diversity. The project will provide research experiences for high school students by directly involving them in the collection and examination of dust samples. Students will be able to compare the properties of collected dusts in their region as it relates to geography, land-use, and climate. This research will examine the role of dust in transporting nutrients and microorganisms in ecologically meaningful quantities to mountain ecosystems. Because dust can contain appreciable concentrations of terrestrial limiting nutrients, it has been hypothesized that increased dust deposition has led to widespread eutrophication of remote waterbodies in the US. Moreover, dust deposition may represent a major mechanism of microbial dispersal across ecosystems, potentially shaping the composition and function of resident microbial communities. The project will test these hypotheses through the capture and analyses of atmospheric dusts across the western and mid-western USA, with direct examination of nutrient bioavailability and microbial community composition through laboratory and field experiments. The research has four main objectives, 1) determine the gravitational deposition rate of dusts in the western US through a coordinated effort with the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP), 2) use controlled laboratory experiments to quantify the microbial composition and the leachable and hydrolysable nutrient fraction from dusts, 3) determine in situ effects of dust additions on aquatic microbial and algal community composition, and 4) provide critical data on best practices for measuring and tracking dust movement. The education plan will engage high school geography, earth science, and ecology students, and cultivate an interest and understanding of the role of climate and human land-use in affecting important biogeochemical cycles, air quality, and environmental conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

土壤（尘埃）的大气运输连接了遥远的生态系统，将营养物质和生物体跨越大陆，在重力作用下从低地地区转移到山地荒野。粉尘沉积会影响气候，加速融雪，影响空气和水质，并对人类健康造成影响。尽管尘埃在环境中的重要性，但我们对大气在时间和空间中传播的尘埃的数量和组成知之甚少。该项目将确定美国西部粉尘负荷最大的地方，检查收集到的粉尘的组成，并记录在粉尘中运输的营养物质和微生物如何影响它们沉积的水生生态系统。研究结果将为自然资源管理者和决策者提供信息，让他们了解气候和土地利用活动如何影响下风的生态系统服务，如水质和群落多样性。该项目将直接让高中生参与灰尘样本的收集和检查，为他们提供研究经验。学生将能够比较他们所在地区收集的粉尘的特性，因为它与地理、土地利用和气候有关。本研究将探讨粉尘在向山地生态系统输送营养物质和微生物方面的作用。由于灰尘可以含有相当浓度的陆地限制性营养物质，因此有人假设，灰尘沉积的增加导致了美国偏远水体的广泛富营养化。此外，粉尘沉积可能代表了微生物在生态系统中扩散的主要机制，潜在地塑造了常驻微生物群落的组成和功能。该项目将通过捕获和分析美国西部和中西部的大气尘埃来测试这些假设，并通过实验室和现场实验直接检查营养物质的生物利用度和微生物群落组成。该研究有四个主要目标：1)通过与国家大气沉降计划（NADP）的协调努力，确定美国西部粉尘的重力沉降率；2)使用受控实验室实验来量化粉尘中的微生物组成和可浸出和可水解的营养成分；3)确定粉尘添加对水生微生物和藻类群落组成的原位影响。4)为测量和跟踪粉尘运动提供关键数据。该教育计划将吸引高中地理、地球科学和生态学学生，培养他们对气候和人类土地利用在影响重要生物地球化学循环、空气质量和环境条件方面的作用的兴趣和理解。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Plastic rain in protected areas of the United States

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz5819
• 发表时间: 2020-06-12
• 期刊: SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: Brahney, Janice;Hallerud, Margaret;Sukumaran, Suja
• 通讯作者: Sukumaran, Suja

Microplastics and nanoplastics in the marine-atmosphere environment

• DOI: 10.1038/s43017-022-00292-x
• 发表时间: 2022-05-10
• 期刊: NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 42.1
• 作者: Allen, Deonie;Allen, Steve;Wright, Stephanie
• 通讯作者: Wright, Stephanie

Sources and fate of atmospheric microplastics revealed from inverse and dispersion modelling: From global emissions to deposition

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128585
• 发表时间: 2022-03-15
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
• 影响因子: 13.6
• 作者: Evangeliou, Nikolaos;Tichy, Ondrej;Brahney, Janice
• 通讯作者: Brahney, Janice

Constraining the atmospheric limb of the plastic cycle

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020719118
• 发表时间: 2021-04-20
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Brahney, Janice;Mahowald, Natalie;Prather, Kimberly Ann
• 通讯作者: Prather, Kimberly Ann