FW-HTF-P: Clinical Skill Acquisition, Retention and Atrophy with Artificial Intelligence Aids

该项目调查了人工智能助理（AIA）是否会损害认知技能的获得和保持，或者可能会加速依赖AIA执行各种任务的临床医生的技能萎缩。随着这些工具使用的增加，必须评估其影响。该项目将研究人工智能在放射学背景下的影响，在那里它们被用于决策支持。它探讨了手术机器人和放射学检查认知助手等技术是否会导致医生随着时间的推移而失去技能。项目活动有可能增加我们对手术机器人人机动态的理解。该项目将整合认知心理学，人为因素，计算机科学和工程专家的观点。其目的是制定培训做法，旨在减轻可能因采用人工智能而导致的认知萎缩。从这次评估中收集到的知识对人工智能的开发、培训协议和各种日常和专业领域的故障安全协议都有影响。该项目解决了国家对技术对未来工作影响的关切。该项目分为两个阶段。首先，将在受控实验室环境中收集与机器人手术和基于放射图像的诊断相关的一组认知技能的获取和保留相关的数据。第二，研讨会将汇集一组临床培训专家;机器人手术;放射学;人为因素，临床领域内外的专业;心理学，认知心理学和工业/组织心理学。与会者将讨论初步结果，并计划未来的研究，调查这些问题在现实世界的环境中，由初步研究告知。努力将集中在三个技能，在临床应用中，AIA是目前的重要。两个是由机器人手术应用的动机：当视觉和运动系统不一致时，对空间信息和感知运动技能的推理，就像机器人手术期间可能发生的那样。另一个是由放射诊断任务：视觉搜索和目标识别技能。试点研究数据收集阶段将通过收集的数据的数量和质量以及是否获得统计学上显著的实验结果以及这些影响的大小来衡量成功。如果专家们表现出高度的参与程度和建立协作努力的能力，研讨会的成功将被视为成功。项目的总体目标有三个方面。首先，该项目旨在促进计算机科学家，机器人专家，临床医生，人为因素研究人员之间的融合研究。其次，它旨在获得与人类工人和谐运作的人工智能设计的更深入的基本理解。第三，它的目的是使人工智能的设计适合人类，考虑到人们学习和适应技术变革的方式。该项目的最终目标是培养必要的研究人员、研究基础设施和基础工作，以扩大在FW-HTF完整研究提案水平上研究未来技术、未来工作人员和未来工作的机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project investigates whether Artificially Intelligent Assistants (AIAs) may impair cognitive skill acquisition and retention, or may accelerate skill atrophy in clinicians who rely on AIAs to perform various tasks. It is imperative to assess the effects of these tools as their use increases. The project will study the impact of AIAs in the context of radiology, where they are used for decision support. It explores whether technologies such as surgical robots and cognitive assistants for radiological exams will lead doctors to lose skills over time. Project activities have the potential to increase our understanding of the human-machine dynamic of surgical robotics. The project will integrate the perspectives of experts from cognitive psychology, human factors, computer science, and engineering. The objective is to develop training practices aimed at mitigating cognitive atrophy that could result from the introduction of AIAs. Knowledge gleaned from this assessment has implications for AI development, training protocols, and fail-safe protocols in a variety of everyday and professional domains. The project addresses national concern regarding the impact of technology on the future of work. The project has two phases. First, data will be collected in controlled laboratory environments on acquisition and retention of a set of cognitive skills that are relevant to robotic surgery and radiological image-based diagnosis. Second, a workshop will bring together a group of experts on clinical training; robotic surgery; radiology; human factors, with specialties both within and outside the clinical domain; and psychology, both cognitive psychology and industrial/organizational psychology. Participants will discuss initial results and plan for future research that investigates these issues in real-world environments, informed by the initial studies. Efforts will focus on three skills important in clinical applications where AIAs are present. Two are motivated by robotic surgical applications: reasoning about spatial information and perceptual-motor skills when the visual and motor systems are not aligned, as may happen during robotic surgery. The other is motivated by the radiological diagnosis task: visual search and target identification skill. The pilot study data collection phase will measure success through the amount and quality of data collected, as well as whether statistically significant experimental results are obtained and the sizes of these effects. The workshop's success will be considered successful if the experts demonstrate a high levels of participation and the ability to build a collaborative effort. The overall project aims are three fold. First, the project aims to facilitate convergent research between computer scientists, roboticists, clinicians, human factors researchers. Second, it aims to obtain a deeper basic understanding of the design of AIAs that operate in harmony with human workers. Third, it aims to enable human-appropriate design of AIAs that factors in the way people learn and adapt to technological change. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop the necessary research personnel, research infrastructure, and foundational work to expand the opportunities for studying future technology, future workers, and future work at the level of a FW-HTF full research proposal.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.