RII Track-4: Formation, Photolysis, and Bioaccumulation of Dissolved Hydrocarbons from Chemically-Herded and Burned Crude Oil at High Latitudes

泄漏到海洋环境中的石油在暴露于阳光下时经历光降解过程。光化学降解的石油非常复杂，对海洋生物构成危害。随着北极圈以前所未有的速度失去冰，预计北极的石油钻探将增加，这增加了偏远寒冷地区发生重大石油泄漏的可能性。表面收集剂，或“化学放牧者”，最近因其能够去除浮油而受到关注，从而允许在与冰相关的区域进行原位燃烧，以去除超过90%的油质量。然而，人们对这一过程产生的溶解残留物的形成、溶解残留物在阳光下如何转化以及对易感海洋生物可能产生的影响知之甚少。该项目将增进我们对石油燃烧后如何转化为水溶性形式的了解;它将评估残留物在北极沃茨风化时的化学特性和生物吸收。该项目将在新奥尔良大学和国家高磁场实验室进行残留物提取和分析。结果将指导未来的溢油反应和应急planning.The纵向溶解率碳氢化合物衍生的溶解有机物，特别是那些来自氧化，仍然在北极和亚北极地区的海洋点释放后的含油污水的处理方案研究不足。光周期的极端季节性波动通过光溶解使这一过程进一步复杂化，并可能对贻贝、紫贻贝等敏感海洋生物的生物累积潜力产生广泛影响。表面收集剂（化学捕集剂）最近因能够在原位燃烧之前将油除去而受到欢迎，该过程能够从表面去除90%的油。然而，人们对这一过程中溶解残留物的形成以及这些溶解残留物风化时的化学性质知之甚少。该项目将使用两种新兴技术评估这些因素，即荧光激发发射光谱（EEMS）与并行因子分析（PARAFAC）和傅里叶变换离子回旋质谱（FT-ICR MS）。实验室规模的模拟将在阿拉斯加大学安克雷奇与ANS原油，两个牧民配方（OP-40和ThickSlick），从复活湾，阿拉斯加收集贻贝。在新奥尔良大学提取残留物并进行EEM分析，在国家高磁场实验室进行FT-ICR MS分析。这项研究将资助PI Tomco和一名研究生助理前往新奥尔良，洛杉矶和塔拉哈西，这将导致PI所在机构更广泛地整合先进的光谱和光谱技术，并提高机构竞争外部研究支持的能力。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值进行评估，被认为值得支持和更广泛的影响审查标准。

Oil spilled into the marine environment undergoes a process of photodegradation when exposed to sunlight. Photochemically-degraded oil is highly complex and poses a hazard to marine organisms. As the circumpolar north loses ice at an unprecedented rate, oil drilling in the Arctic is forecasted to increase, raising the possibility of a major oil spill in a remote cold region. Surface collection agents, or "chemical herders" have gained attention recently for the ability to thicken slicks to allow in-situ burning in ice-associated areas for over 90% oil mass removal. However, little is known about the formation of dissolved residues stemming from this process, how dissolved residues are transformed in the presence of sunlight, and what impacts may occur on susceptible marine organisms. This project will advance our understanding of how oil is transformed into a water-soluble form following combustion; it will assess the chemical character and biological uptake of the residues as they weather in Arctic waters. The project will involve residue extraction and analysis at the University of New Orleans and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. The results will guide future oil spill response and contingency planning.The longitudinal dissolution rates governing hydrocarbon-derived dissolved organic matter, especially those deriving from oxygenation, remain understudied in the Arctic and Subarctic domains with regard to treatment options of oiled water following a maritime point release. Extreme seasonal swings in photoperiods further complicate this process via photodissolution and may have broad impacts on bioaccumulation potential in susceptible marine organisms such as mussels, Mytilus trossulus. Surface collection agents (chemical herders) have gained popularity recently for the ability to thicken oil prior to in-situ burning, a process that is capable of removing 90% of oil from the surface. However, little is known about the formation of dissolved residues stemming from this process and the chemical character as these dissolved residues weather. This project will assess these factors using two new emerging technologies, fluorescence excitation emission spectra (EEMs) coupled with Parallel Factorial Analysis (PARAFAC) and Fourier Transformation Ion Cyclotron Mass Spectrometery (FT-ICR MS). Bench-scale simulations will be conducted at the University of Alaska Anchorage with ANS Crude oil, two herder formulations (OP-40 and ThickSlick), and mussels collected from Resurrection Bay, Alaska. Residues are extracted and EEMs analyzed at the University of New Orleans, with FT-ICR MS analyses conducted at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. This study will fund PI Tomco and one graduate student assistant to travel to New Orleans, LA and Tallahassee, FL. This will lead to broader integration of advanced spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques at the PI's home institution and increase institutional capacity to compete for external research support.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.